Our Origins: Discovering Physical Anthropology (Fourth Edition)
4th Edition
ISBN: 9780393614008
Author: Clark Spencer Larsen
Publisher: W. W. Norton & Company
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Chapter 2, Problem 2ER
Summary Introduction
To explain: How the idea of hypothesis that the characteristics of the father and mother are intermingled in the offspring called at that time prior to discoveries of Gregor Mendel.
Introduction: Natural selection of an organism depends upon the challenges faced by them for survival. The process by which the heritable trait of an organism differs or changes over successive generations is called evolution. The mechanism of inheritance explained by Charles Darwin insisted on the characteristic features of progeny obtained from their parents.
Summary Introduction
To explain: How the idea of hypothesis that the characteristics of the father and mother are intermingled in the offspring was proved wrong.
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When Mendel did his experiments, it was the case that the genes for each trait were on separate pairs of homologous chromosomes. For example, the genes for pod color were on one pair of chromosomes and the genes for the seed coat were on a different pair of chromosomes. What if the genes for the two traits were on the same chromosome? (That is, if the gene for pod color was on the same chromosome as the gene for seed coat.) Would Mendel’s 2nd Law still hold? Why or why not?
on
Instructions: Before Mendel and his results were fully accepted, there were many
theories that were proposed that tried to explain how traits were passed on from one
generation to another. In the space provided, list down the important points of each theory.
Hippocrates’: Brick and Mortar Theory
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Aristotle: Hereditary Elements in Blood…
How did Mendel’s experiments contributed to the study of genetics?
Chapter 2 Solutions
Our Origins: Discovering Physical Anthropology (Fourth Edition)
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- Can Mendelian genetics explain blood type? Why or why not?arrow_forwardWhen Mendel was conducting his research, he crossed two different varieties of pea plants, one that had jagged leaves with 8 points on each leaf and one that had perfectly smooth leaves. He found that the offspring all had 4 to 5 points on each leaf. Based on what you have learned in this course, how would you explain this result to Mendel?arrow_forwardGregor Johann Mendel carried out experiments with pea plants that demonstrated how certain physical traits were passed down from one generation to the next in a predictable pattern. He introduced the concepts of dominant and recessive traits and established fundamental laws of inheritance for what is known as Mendelian Genetics. A trait can be inherited when each parent passes down one copy of a gene. Different versions of the same gene are known as alleles. Both gene copies are an organism’s genotype, and the physical expression of those genes is a phenotype. 1. Explain one of the three laws of inheritance proposed by Mendelian genetics. Mendelian inheritance can be visualized using Punnett squares. The first row and column represent the parental alleles, while the squares predict the possible combination of alleles of the resulting offspring. Dominant alleles are indicated by uppercase letters while recessive alleles are indicated by lowercase letters. The combination of alleles in…arrow_forward
- List Mendel’s conclusions from his experiments. How do the conclusions relate to what is known today in the field of genetics?arrow_forwardMendel, the father of genetics, was a careful researcher who studied the inheritance of certain traits in garden peas. Which of the following was NOT part of Mendel's research strategies? A.) He crossed true-breeding (self pollinating) pea plants. B.) He allowed eggs to be fertilized ONLY by self pollination. C.) He analyzed his data mathematically. B.) He controlled variables by studying 1 or 2 traits at a time.arrow_forwardin own understanding, what is mendelian genetics?arrow_forward
- For which reasons, early human geneticists were slow to accept Mendelian analysis?arrow_forwardIn Mendel's experiments, he obtained the following results: Which phenotypes can be said to be dominant?arrow_forwardOver the years, Mendel experimented with more than 30,000 pea plants. Why did Mendel collect data on so many plants? Why didn’t he study just one cross? Hint: Read “What Are the Odds?” on page 124 before answering.arrow_forward
- Mendel’s experiments relied on VERY specific properties of pea plants in order to achieve the results. I) What were the properties of his pea plants that made them conducive to his experiments and ii) with what organism do you think we could recreate his experiments that is not a pea plant (what other model organism might work to study what Mendel did)?arrow_forwardYou have decided to start growing pea plants in your garden that are of the same species as the ones Mendel grew to see if you can recapitulate some of his experiments. The two traits you start with are purple vs white flowers and tall vs dwarf (with purple and tall being dominant). A neighbor shares some of their tall, purple flowered plants with you, knowing from those you should be able to get every possible combination, but they warn you that they have not been paying attention to how they are pollinating one another, and therefore they aren’t sure which of them are homozygotes and which are heterozygotes for each trait.What are the possible genotypes for these purple, tall plants?arrow_forwardIn the results that Mendel obtained, the violet colored flower was dominant to the white flower (which was recessive). What do these terms (dominant and recessive) mean?arrow_forward
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