Human Anatomy & Physiology (2nd Edition)
2nd Edition
ISBN: 9780134553511
Author: Erin C. Amerman
Publisher: PEARSON
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Textbook Question
Chapter 20, Problem 10CYR
When naïve B cells are activated, they differentiate into:
a. plasma cells.
b. memory cells.
c. both a and b.
d. none of the above.
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Students have asked these similar questions
of the choices, which cells stimulate directly B cells to divide and produce antibodies?
a. mast cells
b. marcophages
c. Nk cells
d. TH cells
Explain each of the ways that the immune system has a mechanism of control in the development and function of B cells.
What are the ramifications if these control mechanisms are not in place?
What control mechanism do you feel is the most important to the development and function of B cells?
Choose the most accurate characteristic of B cells.
A) They help establish and control the sensitivity of the immune response.
B) They stimulate the activities of T cells.
C) They attack foreign cells, normal cells infected with viruses, and cancer cells that appear in normal tissues.
D) They continually monitor peripheral tissues.
E) They differentiate into plasma cells that secrete antibodies.
Chapter 20 Solutions
Human Anatomy & Physiology (2nd Edition)
Ch. 20.1 - What are the main functions of the lymphatic...Ch. 20.1 - 2. How do lymphatic capillaries differ from blood...Ch. 20.1 - What is the pathway of lymph flow from the right...Ch. 20.1 - 4. What main cell types are located in lymphoid...Ch. 20.1 - List the main functions of MALT, lymph nodes, the...Ch. 20.2 - 1. How do innate immunity and adaptive immunity...Ch. 20.2 - 2. What are the three lines of defense?
Ch. 20.2 - What are the bodys main surface barriers, and how...Ch. 20.2 - Prob. 4QCCh. 20.2 - How are the immune system and lymphatic system...
Ch. 20.3 - Match the following cell types with their correct...Ch. 20.3 - Which of the cells in question 1 do not directly...Ch. 20.3 - What is the complement system, and what are its...Ch. 20.3 - In what two ways is the complement system...Ch. 20.3 - 5. What are the main cytokines of innate...Ch. 20.3 - What are the four cardinal signs of inflammation?Ch. 20.3 - 7. What are inflammatory mediators, and what do...Ch. 20.3 - Explain the role of phagocytes in the inflammatory...Ch. 20.3 - What causes the elevated temperature and common...Ch. 20.3 - Prob. 10QCCh. 20.4 - 1. What are MHC molecules?
Ch. 20.4 - 2. How do class I and class II MHC molecules...Ch. 20.4 - How are T cells activated?Ch. 20.4 - Prob. 4QCCh. 20.4 - What are the main functions of TC cells?Ch. 20.4 - Prob. 6QCCh. 20.4 - Prob. 7QCCh. 20.5 - 1. How is a B cell activated?
Ch. 20.5 - Prob. 2QCCh. 20.5 - What are the five classes of antibody, and how do...Ch. 20.5 - 4. List the five main functions of antibodies.
Ch. 20.5 - How do the primary and secondary immune responses...Ch. 20.5 - 6. What is the purpose of a vaccination, and what...Ch. 20.5 - 7. How do active immunity and passive immunity...Ch. 20.6 - How do innate immunity and adaptive immunity work...Ch. 20.6 - Walk through the basic steps of the immune...Ch. 20.6 - How does the immune system survey the body for...Ch. 20.6 - Walk through the steps of the immune response to...Ch. 20.6 - Prob. 5QCCh. 20.6 - 6. How do cancer cells escape the immune response...Ch. 20.7 - Define the four types of hypersensitivity...Ch. 20.7 - Explain how type IV hypersensitivity differs from...Ch. 20.7 - How do primary and secondary immunodeficiency...Ch. 20.7 - Prob. 4QCCh. 20.7 - What is an autoimmune disorder? What produces the...Ch. 20.7 - 6. What are the potential causes of autoimmune...Ch. 20 - 1. Which of the following is not a function of the...Ch. 20 - Mark the following statements as true or false. If...Ch. 20 - Fill in the blanks: The lymphoid organ that...Ch. 20 - Fill in the blanks: Nonspecific immunity is also...Ch. 20 -
5. Which of the following make up the body’s...Ch. 20 - Which of the following does not describe the...Ch. 20 - Mark the following statements as true or false. If...Ch. 20 - Which of the following functions is/are performed...Ch. 20 - Prob. 9CYRCh. 20 - 10. When naïve B cells are activated, they...Ch. 20 - 11. Match the following antibodies with the...Ch. 20 - Mark the following statements as true or false. If...Ch. 20 - Prob. 13CYRCh. 20 - On which type(s) of cells are class I MHC...Ch. 20 - Fill in the blanks: Class I MHC molecules display...Ch. 20 - 16. Which of the following is not a role of TH...Ch. 20 - 17. Mark the following statements as true or...Ch. 20 - 18. Type I hypersensitivity is due to release of...Ch. 20 - Prob. 19CYRCh. 20 - Prob. 20CYRCh. 20 - Prob. 1CYUCh. 20 - Complement proteins are crucial for stimulating...Ch. 20 - 3. Terrence has severe asthma and allergies, and...Ch. 20 - Your friend tests her snake-wrangling skills on an...Ch. 20 - 2. Carla presents to her physician with a...Ch. 20 - 3. Mr. White has been diagnosed with febrile...Ch. 20 - Mr. White developed neutropenia as a consequence...Ch. 20 - 5. The chemotherapeutic drugs Mr. White is taking...
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- At what stage of B cell development are autoreactive cells removed? A. stem cell stage B. pro-B cell stage C. early pre-B cell stage D. late pre-B cell stage E. immature cell stagearrow_forwardExplain why each choice (a-d) is correct or incorrect. T cells are differentiated into two groups based on their glycoproteins CD4 or CD8. Which of the following is true of CD4 T cells? a. They become cytotoxic T cells. b. The become antigen presenting cells. c. They become T helper cells. d. They become plasma cells.arrow_forwardIn a normal individual, a T cell that interacts with a self-antigen in the thymus will more than likely undergo what process (which answer is best)? A) apoptosis B) release granules C) activation D) extravasation E) anergyarrow_forward
- In the secondary response, the IgG levels rise much faster than they did during the first antibody response. Why is this?Choose one: A. The plasma cells that were produced for the first response have a very long half-life, so they are able to produce antibodies for the second response without activation of other B cells. B. Memory B cells are capable of producing antibodies directly, so there is no need to spend time differentiating them into plasma cells. C. By the secondary response, there are B cells and T cells that have differentiated into plasma cells, giving more total plasma cells to work with. D. Memory B cells are present for the secondary response. Those cells are much easier to activate than the naive B cells; therefore, the response occurs much more quickly and on a larger scale.arrow_forwardActivated complement proteins ________. a. puncture cells c. attract macrophages b. promote inflammation d. all of the abovearrow_forwardAntibodies are ________. a. antigen receptors c. proteins b. made only by B cells d. all of the abovearrow_forward
- Match the immune cell with its main function. ___dendritic cell a. professional phagocyte ___B cell b. antigen-presenter ___helper T cell c. activates other lymphocytes ___NK cell d. makes antibodies ___macrophage e. kills ailing body cells that lack MHC markersarrow_forwardWhich of the following statements regarding T cells activated by specific antigen is incorrect? a. They receive co-stimulatory signals through CD28. b. They suppress expression of sphingosine 1-phosphate (SIP). c. They take several days before differentiating into effector T cells. d. They cease to secrete and respond to interleukin-2 (IL-2). e. They begin to express CTLA4, which serves to limit T-cell proliferation.arrow_forwardIn what process is clonal selection important?a. Complement function c. Inflammationb. B cell activation d. Phagocytosisarrow_forward
- Superantigensa) are exceptionally large antigen molecules.b) cause a very large antibody response.c) elicit a response from a large number of T cells.d) attach non-specifically to B-cell receptors.e) assist in a protective immune response.arrow_forwardThere are different pathways through which B cells can be activated, one of which is CD4 T - independent cells, in which the antigen is large and has repeating patterns that make crosslinking and activation of several BCRs at the same time. A.true B.falsearrow_forwardHow might antibodies be used to activate B cells?arrow_forward
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