GENETIC ANALYSIS: AN INTEG. APP. W/MAS
2nd Edition
ISBN: 9781323142790
Author: Sanders
Publisher: Pearson Custom Publishing
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Chapter 20, Problem 14P
Given that maternal Bicoid activates the expression of hunchback (see Figure
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In Drosophila sex determination
(Check all that apply.)
A) XY individuals transcribe the Sxl gene early but not late.
B
XX individuals carry the Sxl gene, XY individuals do not.
XX individuals transcribe the Sxl gene, XY individuals do not.
XX individuals express the Sxl protein, XY individuals do not.
E) The Sxl transcript (Pre-MRNA) is spliced differently in XX compared to XY individuals.
Why is it that mutations in bicoid and nanos exhibit genetic maternal effect in Drosophila (a mutation in the maternal parent produces a phenotype that shows up in the offspring), but mutations in runt and gooseberry do not?
Suppose a researcher has three different Drosophila strains that have mutations in the bicoid gene called bicoid-A, bicoid-B, and bicoid-C; the wild type is designated bicoid +. To study these mutations,
phenotypically normal female flies that are homozygous for the given bicoid mutation were obtained, and their oocytes were analyzed using a Northern blot to determine the size and/or amount of the bicoid
mRNA and in situ hybridization to determine the bicoid mRNA location within the oocyte. A wild-type strain was also analyzed as a control. In both cases, the probe was complementary to the bicoid mRNA and
the results are shown below. (Anterior is on the left; posterior is on the right.)
Northern blot
1
2
-
3 4
In situ hybridization
Wild type
Lane 1. Wild type (bicoid*)
Lane 2. bicoid-A
Lane 3. bicoid-B
Lane 4. bicoid-C
bicoid-B
bicoid-A
bicoid-C
Which mutation is likely to cause the embryo to develop two "anterior" ends?
bicoid-B
Obicoid-A
bicoid-C
Chapter 20 Solutions
GENETIC ANALYSIS: AN INTEG. APP. W/MAS
Ch. 20 - 18.1 Explain why many developmental genes encode...Ch. 20 - Bird beaks develop from an embryonic group of...Ch. 20 - 18.3 How is positional information provided along...Ch. 20 - Early development in Drosophila is atypical in...Ch. 20 - 18.5 Consider the evenskipped regulatory sequences...Ch. 20 - What is the difference between a parasegment and...Ch. 20 - Why do loss-of-function mutations in Hox genes...Ch. 20 - 18.8 Compare and contrast the specification of...Ch. 20 - Prob. 9PCh. 20 - Ablation of the anchor cell in wild type C....
Ch. 20 - 18.11 In gain-of-function and. elegans mutants,...Ch. 20 - Prob. 12PCh. 20 - Prob. 13PCh. 20 - 18.14 Given that maternal Bicoid activates the...Ch. 20 - What phenotypes do you expect in flies homozygous...Ch. 20 - The pair rule gene fushitarazu is expressed in...Ch. 20 - 18.17 In contrast to Drosophila, some insects...Ch. 20 - Prob. 18PCh. 20 - 18.19 You are traveling in the Netherlands and...Ch. 20 - 19.20 A powerful approach to identifying genes of...Ch. 20 - Prob. 21PCh. 20 - The Hoxd 913 genes are thought to specify digit...Ch. 20 - Three-spined stickleback fish live in lakes formed...Ch. 20 - In C. elegans there are two sexes: hermaphrodite...Ch. 20 - The flowering jungle plant Lacandoniaschismatica,...Ch. 20 - 18.24 Homeotic genes are thought to regulate each...Ch. 20 - Prob. 27PCh. 20 - Basidiomycota is a monophyletic group of fungi...Ch. 20 - In Drosophila, recessive mutations in the...
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- The normal sequence of markers on a certain Drosophila chromosome is ABCDE*FGHIJK, where the asterisk represents the centromere. Some flies were isolated with a chromosome aberration that has the following structure: ABCDE*FIJK . This represents a O a) deletion of GH segment O b) inversion of GH segment O c) deletion O d) deletion of centromerearrow_forwardHuman females who are heterozygous for an X-linked recessive allele sometimes exhibit mild expression of the trait. However, such mild expression of X-linked traits in females who are heterozygous for Xlinked alleles is not seen in Drosophila. What might cause this difference in the expression of X-linked genes between human females and female Drosophila? (Hint: In Drosophila, dosage compensation is accomplished by doubling the activity of genes on the X chromosome of males.)arrow_forwardThe locations of six deletions have been mapped to a Drosophila chromosome, as shown in the following deletion map. Recessive mutations a, b, c, d, e, and f are known to be located in the same region as the deletions, but the order of the mutations on the chromosome is not known. (refer image for contination )arrow_forward
- Has the DNA sequence of the eye color gene been changed in part (b) compared with part (a)? How do we explain the phenotypic difference?arrow_forwardResearchers have exploited Minute mutations in orderto study the phenotypes associated with recessive lethal mutations (l−) that decrease the rate of cell divisionand thus make only very tiny homozygous mutant clones that are difficult to analyze. Many differentstrains of Drosophila carry dominant loss-of-functionMinute (M) mutations in a variety of genes encodingribosomal protein subunits. The M genes are haploinsufficient; flies with only one wild-type M+ gene copyhave a slower pace of cell division, and thus prolongeddevelopment and subtle morphological abnormalities.To circumvent the tiny clone problem, researchersgenerate GFP-marked homozygous l−/ l− clones thatare also M+/ M+, in flies that are l−/ l+ and M−/ M+.The loss of the Minute mutation only in cells withinthe clone gives the l−/ l− cells a growth advantageover their neighbors, enabling the mutant clone togrow large enough to study. Diagram chromosomesthat could be used to generate such clonesarrow_forwardExplain the Retrotransposons—the Copia –White-Apricot System in Drosophila ?arrow_forward
- How do we know that the mutant Bar-eye phenotype in Drosophila is due to a duplicated gene region rather than to a change in the nucleotide sequence of a gene?arrow_forwardThe locations of six deletions have been mapped to a Drosophila chromosome, as shown in the following deletion map. Recessive mutations a, b, c, d, e, and f are known to be located in the same region as the deletions, but the order of the mutations on the chromosome is not known.arrow_forwardOur understanding of maternal effect genes has been greatly aided by their identification in experimental organisms such as Drosophila melanogaster and Caenorhabditis elegans. In experimental organisms with a short generation time, geneticists have successfully searched for mutant alleles that prevent the normal process of embryonic development. In many cases, the offspring die at early embryonic or larval stages. These are called maternal effect lethal alleles. How would a researcher identify a mutation that produced a recessive maternal effect lethal allele?arrow_forward
- In Drosophila, one of the genes controlling wing length is located on the X chromosome. A recessive mutant allele of this gene makes the wings miniature—hence, its symbol m; the wild-type allele of this gene, m_, makes the wings long. One of the genes controlling eye color is located on an autosome. A recessive mutant allele of this gene makes the eyes brown—hence, its symbol bw; the wildtype allele of this gene, bw_, makes the eyes red. Miniature-winged, red-eyed females from one true-breeding strain were crossed to normal-winged, brown-eyed males from another true-breeding strain. 1. Predict the phenotypes of the F1 flies. 2. If these flies are intercrossed with one another, what phenotypes will appear in the F2, and in what proportions?arrow_forwardFigure 19.25 shows that the Sxl protein binds to the mRNA of the msl-2 gene, inhibiting translation of the mRNA’s proper reading frame. The MSL-2 protein is a transcription factor that binds to the X chromosome in XY males to double the level of X-linked gene transcription, thus equalizing X-linked gene expression in XY males and XX females. a. In which sex, XY males or XX females, would the Sxl protein bind to the msl-2 mRNA? b. As discussed in Problem 35, some Sxl alleles are lethal to females and others are lethal to males. Is the function of Sxl in regulating the synthesis of Msl-2 protein sufficient to explain the sex-specific lethality caused by both kinds of alleles? c. Predict the effect of loss-of-function mutations in msl-2 on male and female fertility and viability.arrow_forwardGive Detailed Solution (no need Handwritten)arrow_forward
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