MasteringBiology with Pearson eText -- ValuePack Access Card -- for Biological Science
MasteringBiology with Pearson eText -- ValuePack Access Card -- for Biological Science
6th Edition
ISBN: 9780134261997
Author: Scott Freeman, Kim Quillin, Lizabeth A. Allison, Greg Podgorski, Michael Black, Jeff Carmichael, Emily Taylor
Publisher: PEARSON
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Chapter 20, Problem 16PIAT
Summary Introduction

To review:

The concerns related to GM (genetically modified) crops that contain foreign (non-crop plant) genes.

Introduction:

The GM crops are the plants whose DNA (deoxyribonucleic acid) has been altered using biotechnological techniques. The aim of producing the GM crops is to introduce new traits in the plant that are naturally absent in them to produce specific biological product and increase crop productivity.

Transgenic plants usually contain genes of bacterial plasmid origin. In a study, researchers transformed cells from a susceptible potato variety with a potato blight resistance gene cloned from a resistant variety. They performed PCR using primers specific for the plasmid to determine which plants from this group were also free of plasmid DNA (cloning vector) sequences. The positive control lane showed PCR amplification of plasmid DNA only, and the negative control lane showed an attempted PCR amplification of no added DNA. Use this study to address concerns related to GM crops.

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In October 2002, the government of the African nation of Zambia announced that it was refusing to distribute 15,000 tons of corn donated by the United States, enough corn to feed 2.5 million Zambians for three weeks. The government rejected the corn because it was likely to contain genetically modified kernels. The government made the decision after its scientific advisers concluded that the studies of the health risks posed by GM crops “are inconclusive.” Do you agree with Zambia’s decision to turn away the corn? Why or why not? In your answer, consider that at the time, Zambia was facing food shortages, and 35,000 Zambians were expected to starve to death over the next six months. How do the risks posed by GM crops compare to the risk of starvation?
Much of the controversy over genetically engineered foods has centered on whether special labeling should be required on all products made from genetically modified crops. Some people have advocated labeling that identifies the product as having been made from genetically modified plants. Others have argued that food labeling should be required to identify only the ingredients, not the process by which they were produced. Choose a side in this issue and justify your stand.
Genetically modified organisms (GMOs) are used to create human growth hormone, insulin and clotting factor proteins that are used to treat dwarfism, diabetes and hemophilia respectively. Several crops such as corn and soybean have also been genetically modified in order to facilitate either the management or growth of these crops. Why do you think there is push back or opposition against the use of GM food crops but not in the use of products such as insulin, which is also created using GMOs?
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