Biology - With Access (Custom)
10th Edition
ISBN: 9781259116438
Author: Raven
Publisher: MCG
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Chapter 20, Problem 2S
On large, black lava flows in the deserts of the southwestern United States, populations of many types of animals are composed primarily of black individuals. By contrast, on small lava flows, populations often have a relatively high proportion of light-colored individuals. How can you explain this difference?
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On large, black lava flows in the deserts of the southwestern United States, populations of many types of animals are composed primarily of dark individuals. By contrast, on small lava flows, populations often have a relatively high proportion of light-colored individuals. How can you explain this difference?
You are surveying of the turtle species identifies several breeding populations in different habitats across the island. After a very warm summer of 2020, you observe that the hatchlings from low-elevation nests are mostly males, whereas hatchlings from higher elevations have an equal female-to-male sex ratio. As a bit more background, temperature influences the sex ratio in some turtle species, a phenomenon called temperature-sex determination (TSD). With this knowledge, you hypothesize this new turtle species exhibits TSD, and that eggs incubated at low elevations during the warm year experienced a high enough embryonic temperature to skew the sex ratio. To test this, you collect 20 newly laid eggs in early 2021 & take them back to the lab to conduct an experiment to test your hypothesis that this species exhibits TSD. Assume you know the average nest temperature in the wild, and you have access to multiple incubators
Design an experiment to test the hypothesis that this turtle…
New Zealand snapper populations were found to be under the influence of genetic drift, suggesting overfishing was still an issue for them, despite the New Zealand fisheries estimating their total population size to be over 3 million. Which of the following is the best explanation for this observation?
A) Pelagic fish, like the New Zealand snapper, often only have a few reproductive individuals, therefore their effective population size is actually much smaller than the total population size.
B) Pelagic fish, like the New Zealand snapper, often have an equal sex ratio which affects the number of breeding individuals.
C) Pelagic fish, like the New Zealand snapper, often have disassortative mating which affects the number of breeding individuals.
D) Pelagic fish, like the New Zealand snapper, often have assortative mating which affects the number of breeding individuals.
Chapter 20 Solutions
Biology - With Access (Custom)
Ch. 20 - Assortative mating a. affects genotype frequencies...Ch. 20 - When the environment changes from year to year and...Ch. 20 - Many factors can limit the ability of natural...Ch. 20 - Stabilizing selection differs from directional...Ch. 20 - Founder effects and bottlenecks are a. expected...Ch. 20 - Relative fitness a. refers to the survival rate of...Ch. 20 - For natural selection to result in evolutionary...Ch. 20 - In a population of red (dominant allele) or white...Ch. 20 - Genetic drift and natural selection can both lead...Ch. 20 - Prob. 3A
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- On the Bahamian island of Andros, mosquitofish populations live in various, now-isolated, freshwater ponds that were once united. Currently, some predator-rich ponds have mosquitofish that can swim in short, fast bursts; other predator-poor ponds have mosquitofish that can swim continuously for a long time. When placed together in the same body of water, the two kinds of female mosquitofish exhibit exclusive breeding preferences. If one builds a canal linking a predator-rich pond to a predator-poor pond, then what type(s) of selection should subsequently be most expected among the mosquitofish in the original predator-rich pond, and what type(s) should be most expected among the mosquitofish in the formerly predator-poor pond? stabilizing selection; directional selection stabilizing selection; stabilizing selection less-intense directional selection; more-intense directional selection less-intense disruptive selection; more-intense…arrow_forwardThe graph shows the population size and amount of genetic variation in the Sarotherodon galilaeus fish population over a period of time. Overfishing of S. galilaeus in 2008 led to a drastic decline in their population size. Although the population has since increased, the genetic variation in S. galilaeus is still low. At which point on the graph was the population most vulnerable to the bottleneck effect due to a natural disaster and why? A. Y, because the population is small and there is low genetic diversity B. Z, because the population is large but the genetic diversity has remained low C. X, because the population is too large and has exceeded its carrying capacity D. W, because the population is just starting out and natural selection is still taking placearrow_forwardA population of hummingbirds feeds exclusively on nectar from orchids. Two species of orchids exist in the hummingbirds' habitat. One orchid species has long tubes to store nectar while the other has short tubes to store nectar. The hummingbirds have a range of beak lengths, and the beak length determines which nectar tube an individual can feed from. This population of hummingbirds is splitting into two phenotypic groups. What scenario best explains why the population is diverging?arrow_forward
- When wolves were returned to Yellowstone National Park in 1995, some of the effects noted were increasing levels of berries available to black bears, stabilization of stream banks, increased nesting habitat for birds, and increasing beaver numbers as a result of rejuvenating aspen trees. These were later determined to be the results of reduced numbers and altered feeding behavior of elk as they were preyed upon by the wolves. Given this information, which of the following best describes wolves in Yellowstone National Park? A. They are a primary consumer B. They are an ecosystem engineer C. They are a foundation species D. They are a keystone species E. They are a flagship speciesarrow_forwardThe endangered Amargosa River pupfish (Cyprinodon nevadensis amargosae) lives in Death Valley, where different populations of the species live in total isolation from one another in tiny permanent pools and short stream segments (Lema and Nevitt 2004). Although these populations have been separated from one another for only 400 to 4000 years, males in some places aggressively defend territories and court females drawn to them, while males in other populations are not aggressive toward one another and do not defend territories. How could these changes occur so rapidly? How might you establish experimentally that the hormone arginine vasotocin (AVT) decreases aggressive behavior in pupfish? If the hormone does lower aggression in this species, what predictions could you make about AVT or about AVT receptor protein differences between territorial and nonterritorial males of the same species? please don't write from any online sourcearrow_forwardA researcher is interested in the geographic ranges of two types of mountain ground squirrels that both use similar resources and occupy a similar amount of space on the mountain. Species A lives on the upper slopes, while species B lives a bit further down. The researcher is able to find a few areas where only one type of squirrel lives. In the location where only species A is found, populations live at approximately the same altitude as they do when both species are present. However, in locations where only species B is found, its population extends much higher on the mountain than they do when species A is also present. What can the researcher infer from this information? Species B has a larger realized niche than species A Species A has a larger fundamental niche than species B. Species A has a larger realized niche than species B. Species B has a larger fundamental niche than species A.arrow_forward
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