The aldopentoses which are enantiomers out of the eight aldopentoses are to be stated. Concept Introduction: Enantiomers are the pairs which are mirror images of each other. These mirror images are non-superimposable to each other. This means the forms of a compound which exists in two non-superimposable forms each of which is a mirror image of other form is known as enantiomers.

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Answer 1

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Definition Definition Organic compounds that have a carbonyl group, C=O, as their functional group. The carbonyl group in aldehydes is placed at the end of the molecular structure, which means the C=O is attached to one hydrogen atom and an alkyl group or a benzene ring. Just like all the other homologous series in organic chemistry, the naming of aldehydes uses the suffix “-al”. The general molecular formula is C n H 2n O.

Chapter 20, Problem 38P

(a)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation:

The aldopentoses which are enantiomers out of the eight aldopentoses are to be stated.

Concept Introduction:

Enantiomers are the pairs which are mirror images of each other. These mirror images are non-superimposable to each other. This means the forms of a compound which exists in two non-superimposable forms each of which is a mirror image of other form is known as enantiomers.

(b)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation:

The aldopentoses which are C-2 epimers out of the eight aldopentoses are to be stated.

Concept Introduction:

C-2 epimers are the compounds which has different configuration at second carbon atom and have same configuration at all other carbon atoms.

The stereogenic center present in the compound which makes the orientation of molecules different is known as epimers.

(c)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation:

The aldopentoses which forms an optically active compound on oxidation with nitric acid is to be stated.

Concept introduction:

Aldopentoses are the compounds containing five carbon atoms and one aldehyde group at one end of carbon chain which gives dicarboxylic acids called aldaric acids on oxidation with nitric acids. Aldaric acid is the molecule containing six carbon atoms having carboxylic acid group on both the sides.

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Answer the following questions about the eight aldopentoses: a. Which are enantiomers? b. Which are C-2 epimers? c. Which form an optically active compound when oxidized with nitric acid?

Answer the following questions about monosaccharide B.a. Draw the β anomer of B in a Haworth projection.b. Draw the α anomer of B in a three-dimensional representation using a chair conformation.c. What products are formed when B undergoes the Kiliani–Fischer synthesis?d. What product is formed when B is treated with NaBH4 in CH3OH?e. Draw the disaccharide formed when two molecules of B are joined by a 1→4-β-glycosidic linkage.

Answer the following questions about the eight aldopentoses: Which are enantiomers?

Answer 2

Question

Definition Definition Organic compounds that have a carbonyl group, C=O, as their functional group. The carbonyl group in aldehydes is placed at the end of the molecular structure, which means the C=O is attached to one hydrogen atom and an alkyl group or a benzene ring. Just like all the other homologous series in organic chemistry, the naming of aldehydes uses the suffix “-al”. The general molecular formula is C n H 2n O.

Chapter 20, Problem 38P

(a)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation:

The aldopentoses which are enantiomers out of the eight aldopentoses are to be stated.

Concept Introduction:

Enantiomers are the pairs which are mirror images of each other. These mirror images are non-superimposable to each other. This means the forms of a compound which exists in two non-superimposable forms each of which is a mirror image of other form is known as enantiomers.

(b)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation:

The aldopentoses which are C-2 epimers out of the eight aldopentoses are to be stated.

Concept Introduction:

C-2 epimers are the compounds which has different configuration at second carbon atom and have same configuration at all other carbon atoms.

The stereogenic center present in the compound which makes the orientation of molecules different is known as epimers.

(c)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation:

The aldopentoses which forms an optically active compound on oxidation with nitric acid is to be stated.

Concept introduction:

Aldopentoses are the compounds containing five carbon atoms and one aldehyde group at one end of carbon chain which gives dicarboxylic acids called aldaric acids on oxidation with nitric acids. Aldaric acid is the molecule containing six carbon atoms having carboxylic acid group on both the sides.

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Answer 3

Question

Definition Definition Organic compounds that have a carbonyl group, C=O, as their functional group. The carbonyl group in aldehydes is placed at the end of the molecular structure, which means the C=O is attached to one hydrogen atom and an alkyl group or a benzene ring. Just like all the other homologous series in organic chemistry, the naming of aldehydes uses the suffix “-al”. The general molecular formula is C n H 2n O.

Chapter 20, Problem 38P

(a)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation:

The aldopentoses which are enantiomers out of the eight aldopentoses are to be stated.

Concept Introduction:

Enantiomers are the pairs which are mirror images of each other. These mirror images are non-superimposable to each other. This means the forms of a compound which exists in two non-superimposable forms each of which is a mirror image of other form is known as enantiomers.

(b)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation:

The aldopentoses which are C-2 epimers out of the eight aldopentoses are to be stated.

Concept Introduction:

C-2 epimers are the compounds which has different configuration at second carbon atom and have same configuration at all other carbon atoms.

The stereogenic center present in the compound which makes the orientation of molecules different is known as epimers.

(c)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation:

The aldopentoses which forms an optically active compound on oxidation with nitric acid is to be stated.

Concept introduction:

Aldopentoses are the compounds containing five carbon atoms and one aldehyde group at one end of carbon chain which gives dicarboxylic acids called aldaric acids on oxidation with nitric acids. Aldaric acid is the molecule containing six carbon atoms having carboxylic acid group on both the sides.

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Answer 4

Question

Definition Definition Organic compounds that have a carbonyl group, C=O, as their functional group. The carbonyl group in aldehydes is placed at the end of the molecular structure, which means the C=O is attached to one hydrogen atom and an alkyl group or a benzene ring. Just like all the other homologous series in organic chemistry, the naming of aldehydes uses the suffix “-al”. The general molecular formula is C n H 2n O.

Chapter 20, Problem 38P

(a)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation:

The aldopentoses which are enantiomers out of the eight aldopentoses are to be stated.

Concept Introduction:

Enantiomers are the pairs which are mirror images of each other. These mirror images are non-superimposable to each other. This means the forms of a compound which exists in two non-superimposable forms each of which is a mirror image of other form is known as enantiomers.

(b)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation:

The aldopentoses which are C-2 epimers out of the eight aldopentoses are to be stated.

Concept Introduction:

C-2 epimers are the compounds which has different configuration at second carbon atom and have same configuration at all other carbon atoms.

The stereogenic center present in the compound which makes the orientation of molecules different is known as epimers.

(c)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation:

The aldopentoses which forms an optically active compound on oxidation with nitric acid is to be stated.

Concept introduction:

Aldopentoses are the compounds containing five carbon atoms and one aldehyde group at one end of carbon chain which gives dicarboxylic acids called aldaric acids on oxidation with nitric acids. Aldaric acid is the molecule containing six carbon atoms having carboxylic acid group on both the sides.

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Answer 5

Chapter 20, Problem 38P

(a)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation:

The aldopentoses which are enantiomers out of the eight aldopentoses are to be stated.

Concept Introduction:

Enantiomers are the pairs which are mirror images of each other. These mirror images are non-superimposable to each other. This means the forms of a compound which exists in two non-superimposable forms each of which is a mirror image of other form is known as enantiomers.

(b)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation:

The aldopentoses which are C-2 epimers out of the eight aldopentoses are to be stated.

Concept Introduction:

C-2 epimers are the compounds which has different configuration at second carbon atom and have same configuration at all other carbon atoms.

The stereogenic center present in the compound which makes the orientation of molecules different is known as epimers.

(c)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation:

The aldopentoses which forms an optically active compound on oxidation with nitric acid is to be stated.

Concept introduction:

Aldopentoses are the compounds containing five carbon atoms and one aldehyde group at one end of carbon chain which gives dicarboxylic acids called aldaric acids on oxidation with nitric acids. Aldaric acid is the molecule containing six carbon atoms having carboxylic acid group on both the sides.

Answer 6

Chapter 20, Problem 38P

(a)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation:

The aldopentoses which are enantiomers out of the eight aldopentoses are to be stated.

Concept Introduction:

Enantiomers are the pairs which are mirror images of each other. These mirror images are non-superimposable to each other. This means the forms of a compound which exists in two non-superimposable forms each of which is a mirror image of other form is known as enantiomers.

Answer 7

Chapter 20, Problem 38P

(a)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation:

The aldopentoses which are enantiomers out of the eight aldopentoses are to be stated.

Concept Introduction:

Enantiomers are the pairs which are mirror images of each other. These mirror images are non-superimposable to each other. This means the forms of a compound which exists in two non-superimposable forms each of which is a mirror image of other form is known as enantiomers.

Answer 8

(b)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation:

The aldopentoses which are C-2 epimers out of the eight aldopentoses are to be stated.

Concept Introduction:

C-2 epimers are the compounds which has different configuration at second carbon atom and have same configuration at all other carbon atoms.

The stereogenic center present in the compound which makes the orientation of molecules different is known as epimers.

Answer 9

(b)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation:

The aldopentoses which are C-2 epimers out of the eight aldopentoses are to be stated.

Concept Introduction:

C-2 epimers are the compounds which has different configuration at second carbon atom and have same configuration at all other carbon atoms.

The stereogenic center present in the compound which makes the orientation of molecules different is known as epimers.

Answer 10

(c)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation:

The aldopentoses which forms an optically active compound on oxidation with nitric acid is to be stated.

Concept introduction:

Aldopentoses are the compounds containing five carbon atoms and one aldehyde group at one end of carbon chain which gives dicarboxylic acids called aldaric acids on oxidation with nitric acids. Aldaric acid is the molecule containing six carbon atoms having carboxylic acid group on both the sides.

Answer 11

(c)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation:

The aldopentoses which forms an optically active compound on oxidation with nitric acid is to be stated.

Concept introduction:

Aldopentoses are the compounds containing five carbon atoms and one aldehyde group at one end of carbon chain which gives dicarboxylic acids called aldaric acids on oxidation with nitric acids. Aldaric acid is the molecule containing six carbon atoms having carboxylic acid group on both the sides.

Answer 12

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Answer 13

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Answer 14

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Answer 15

Ch. 20.1 - Prob. 1P Ch. 20.2 - Prob. 2P Ch. 20.2 - Prob. 3P Ch. 20.3 - Prob. 4P Ch. 20.3 - Prob. 5P Ch. 20.3 - Prob. 6P Ch. 20.4 - Prob. 7P Ch. 20.4 - Prob. 8P Ch. 20.5 - Prob. 9P Ch. 20.5 - Prob. 10P

Solution Summary: The author explains that aldopentoses are enantiomers, which are mirror images of each other.

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