Human Biology
16th Edition
ISBN: 9781260482799
Author: Mader, Sylvia
Publisher: MCGRAW-HILL HIGHER EDUCATION
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Textbook Question
Chapter 20, Problem 3A
Angiogenesis
- stimulates the development of new blood vessels
- activates tumor suppressor genes.
- changes proto-oncogenes into oncogenes.
- promotes metastasis.
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For the normal cell to become a cancer cell, mutations should take place in protooncogenes to
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supressor genes.
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Compare and contrast oncogenes and tumor suppressors. Contrast oncogenes and proto-oncogenes. Describe the types of mutations that convert proto-oncogenes into oncogenes. Summarize some functions of common oncogenes in cell survival and uncontrolled growth. Contrast tumor suppressors to oncogenes. Describe the types of mutations in tumor suppressors that are found in common cancers. Summarize the functions of common tumor suppressors in cell survival and cell growth.
Although cancer is not a contagious disease in humans or other vertebrates, there have been rare cases in which cancers have spread from one organism to another. Describe three cases of these contagious cancers and what conditions might have led to their appearance. For an introduction to this topic, see http:// www.cancer.org/cancer/cancerbasics/is-cancer-contagious.
Chapter 20 Solutions
Human Biology
Ch. 20.1 - Descrihe the characteristics of cancer cells that...Ch. 20.1 - Prob. 2LOCh. 20.1 - Prob. 3LOCh. 20.1 - Prob. 1BTSCh. 20.1 - Prob. 2BTSCh. 20.1 - List the characteristics of cancer cells that...Ch. 20.1 - Describe how mutations in tumor suppressor genes...Ch. 20.1 - Prob. 3CYPCh. 20.2 - Prob. 1LOCh. 20.2 - Prob. 2LO
Ch. 20.2 - Summarize how protective behaviors and diet can...Ch. 20.2 - Prob. 1BTHCh. 20.2 - Prob. 2BTHCh. 20.2 - Prob. 1CYPCh. 20.2 - List the environmental carcinogens that are known...Ch. 20.2 - Prob. 3CYPCh. 20.3 - Prob. 1LOCh. 20.3 - Prob. 2LOCh. 20.3 - Prob. 1CYPCh. 20.3 - Identify the routine screening tests that are...Ch. 20.3 - Prob. 3CYPCh. 20.4 - Prob. 1LOCh. 20.4 - Prob. 2LOCh. 20.4 - Describe the three types of therapy that are...Ch. 20.4 - Discuss why cancer treatment may involve a...Ch. 20.4 - Prob. 3CYPCh. 20 - Prob. 1ACh. 20 - Prob. 2ACh. 20 - Angiogenesis stimulates the development of new...Ch. 20 - Prob. 4ACh. 20 - 5. Concerning the causes of cancer, which one is...Ch. 20 - Prob. 6ACh. 20 - Prob. 7ACh. 20 - Prob. 8ACh. 20 - Prob. 9ACh. 20 - Prob. 10ACh. 20 - Prob. 1TCCh. 20 - Prob. 2TCCh. 20 - Prob. 3TCCh. 20 - Prob. 4TCCh. 20 - Prob. 5TC
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- Benign tumors: a. are noncancerous growths that do not spread to other tissues b. do not contain mutations c. are malignant and clonal in origin d. metastasize to other tissues e. none of thesearrow_forwardRegarding the mechanisms of cancer, which of the following statements is NOT correct? Ovarian cancer is always the result of hypomethylation of tumor suppression genes Unlike normal human cells that can divide between 50-70 times, tumor cells can divide indefinitely Sirtuins are enzymes linked with longevity that increase in activity in response to resveratrol supplementation Many tumors are able to grow their own blood supply by forming new branches from nearby blood vesselsarrow_forwardWhich combination of oncogenes and tumor suppressors is MOST likely to develop a tumor? 1) decreased oncogenes and increased tumor suppressors 2) decreased oncogenes and tumor suppressors 3) increased oncogenes and tumor suppressors 4) increased oncogenes and decreased tumor suppressorsarrow_forward
- Tissues and differentiation: a) Explain what is meant by determination and differentiation b) Explain the difference between an oncogene and a tumor suppressor gene and describe how they are involved in the development of cancerarrow_forwardThe decision by some high-risk women to have their breasts removed to prevent the possibility of developing cancer could be a truly life-altering decision. At first glance, this decision could make sense for those women who are at elevated risk due to genetic or family history factors. Counter that with living in a society that seems to be moving toward even greater obsession with female breasts at earlier ages (e.g., breast implants for 16th birthdays!) Learn more about oncogenes and breast cancer.: What are the benefits of learning you have a gene that may lead to cancer? What are the disadvantages of receiving such knowledge?arrow_forward"In the cellular regulatory pathways that control cell growth and proliferation, the products of oncogenes are stimulatory components and the products of tumor suppressor genes are inhibitory components" is true or false.arrow_forward
- All of the following are characteristics of oncogenes EXCEPT Multiple Choice they are mutated proto-oncogenes. they cause cancer. they are genes that stimulate uncontrolled cell division. they are tumor suppressor genes.arrow_forwardT/F : Proto oncogenes and tumor suppressor genes may lead to cancer if mutated multiple times.arrow_forwardTissues and differentiation a)Explain what is meant by termination and differentiation ).b) Explain the difference between an oncogenic and a tumour suppressor gene and describe how they are involved in the onset of cancerarrow_forward
- To determine : The number of chromosomes in the HeLa cell. Concept introduction: HeLa cell is the oldest and commonly used cell line that was derived from the cervical cancer cells. HeLa cells differ from the normal cells in many ways. These cells have the ability to contaminate other cell lines. These cells have furthered the understanding of cancer, HIV and the cells in general. It is still used widely to grow viruses and to test anti-tumor medicines.arrow_forward#1) Hyperplastic growth are not cancerous yet but show a higher than normal proliferation rate. True False #2) When cancer cells have not spread beyond its original site, the term used to describe it is benign growth intraepithelial neoplasia carcinoma stage 3 carcinoma in situ #9) Cancer cells generally have missense mutations in p53 gene, resulting in truncated p53 normally active p53 dominant negative p53 inactive p53 #10) Single or double stranded breaks in DNA activate Chk 1 and 2 kinases, which phosphorylates p53. This results in --- in the level of p53 in the cell. increase decreasearrow_forwardIn your own words, what is angiogenesis and what is the importance of this process in cancer progression?arrow_forward
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