BIOCHEMISTRY (LOOSELEAF)-W/ACCESS
9th Edition
ISBN: 9781319425784
Author: BERG
Publisher: Macmillan Higher Education
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Chapter 20, Problem 45P
Interpretation Introduction
Interpretation:
The complete combustion of glucose yields 30 ATPs, but synthesis of glucose that only requires 18 ATPs should be discussed
If it is a violation of the first law of
Concept introduction:
First law of thermodynamics is related to the conservation of energy. It states that the total energy of an isolated system remains constant. Energy can neither be created nor be destroyed. Energy can only be transformed from one form to another.
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A violation of the First Law? The complete combustion of glucose to CO 2 and H 2 O yields 30 ATP, as shown in Table 18.4 . However, the synthesis of glucose requires only 18 ATP. How is it possible that glucose synthesis from CO 2 and H 2 O requires only 18 ATP , but combustion to CO 2 and H 2 O yields 30 ATP? Is it a violation of the First Law of Thermodynamics , or perhaps a miracle?
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The first law of thermodynamics,
AU= q - w
(2)
where AU = internal energy change for system
q = energy transfer into system by heat flow
-W = work done by system
may be applied to the actual Calorimeter process, which is assumed to be
adiabatic (q = 0). In the present experiment, w, which consists mainly of the work
of stirring, can be neglected' and Eq. (2) then becomes
AUc = 0
(3)
Since the energy Change is independent of path, one has
AU = AU + J Co
CdT
(4)
Since the temperature change is small, it is usually valid to consider C to be
constant, so that the integral becomes equal to C(T2 - T1). One then obtains
AUT1= -C(T2 - T1)
(5)
It may be observed that a temperature rise corresponds to a negative AUT1, that
is, to a decrease in energy for the imagined isothermal process.
The next step is to calculate AU,° from AUT1. Although the energy is not sensitive
to changes in pressure, the correction to standard states, called the Washburn
correction,…
Bioenergetics: Answer the following questions regarding bioenergetics/ oxidative phosphorylation:
Given the following reactions and AGs for each reaction, answer the two questions that follow; be sure
to give complete answer including proper units and sign(s) wherever necessary:
Reaction #1 (AG = -2.3 kcal/mol): A+ B2 C+D
Reaction #2 (AG = +5.3 kcal/mol): C+ K 2R
Reaction #3 (AG = -4.5 kcal/mol): R 2 Y+Z
7. Calculate AG for overall reaction: AR>Z Free Energy Change Reactions #1-3 =
8. Which direction is this overall process (#1-3) predicted to go (circle one)? forward OR backward
Chapter 20 Solutions
BIOCHEMISTRY (LOOSELEAF)-W/ACCESS
Ch. 20 - Prob. 1PCh. 20 - Prob. 2PCh. 20 - Prob. 3PCh. 20 - Prob. 4PCh. 20 - Prob. 5PCh. 20 - Prob. 6PCh. 20 - Prob. 7PCh. 20 - Prob. 8PCh. 20 - Prob. 9PCh. 20 - Prob. 10P
Ch. 20 - Prob. 11PCh. 20 - Prob. 12PCh. 20 - Prob. 13PCh. 20 - Prob. 14PCh. 20 - Prob. 15PCh. 20 - Prob. 16PCh. 20 - Prob. 17PCh. 20 - Prob. 18PCh. 20 - Prob. 19PCh. 20 - Prob. 20PCh. 20 - Prob. 21PCh. 20 - Prob. 22PCh. 20 - Prob. 23PCh. 20 - Prob. 24PCh. 20 - Prob. 25PCh. 20 - Prob. 26PCh. 20 - Prob. 27PCh. 20 - Prob. 28PCh. 20 - Prob. 29PCh. 20 - Prob. 30PCh. 20 - Prob. 31PCh. 20 - Prob. 32PCh. 20 - Prob. 33PCh. 20 - Prob. 34PCh. 20 - Prob. 35PCh. 20 - Prob. 36PCh. 20 - Prob. 37PCh. 20 - Prob. 38PCh. 20 - Prob. 39PCh. 20 - Prob. 40PCh. 20 - Prob. 41PCh. 20 - Prob. 42PCh. 20 - Prob. 43PCh. 20 - Prob. 44PCh. 20 - Prob. 45PCh. 20 - Prob. 46PCh. 20 - Prob. 47PCh. 20 - Prob. 48P
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- THERMODYNAMICS The following reversible, coupled reaction is used for both glycolysis and gluconeogenesis. As written, the forward version of this reaction has a AG° = -19 kJ/mol: 1,3-bisphosphoglycerate + ADP E→ 3-phosphoglycerate + ATP What happens thermodynamically inside of a cell that explains why this reaction can be used during gluconeogenesis? (A) The reaction proceeds spontaneously in the gluconeogenic direction because it is inherently exergonic in this direction. (B) This reaction is endergonic in the gluconeogenic direction, but phosphoglycerate kinase drives the reaction forward inside of cells. (C) During gluconeogenesis, ATP hydrolysis provides enough free energy to power the reaction forward. (D) The downstream hydrolysis of 1,3-bisphosphoglycerate keeps [1,3-bisphosphoglycerate] higher than [3-phosphoglycerate] inside of cells. (E) The downstream hydrolysis of 1,3-bisphosphoglycerate keeps [1,3-bisphosphoglycerate] lower than [3-phosphoglycerate] inside of cells. Table…arrow_forwardBelow is a diagram in which product formation over time is shown for several substrate concentrations [S], as a result of enzyme action. Indicate whether the statements below are true or false: Product concentration, [P] The diagram shows that: Time 1 I [S] = 1.0 μM [S] = Km = 0.5 μM [S] = 0.2 μM the amount of product formed depends upon the Km of the enzyme S Choose... IM 200 00 ORDI KE ROC 13:42 (arrow_forward1. In living organisms, can metabolism yield a ΔG with a value of "0"? Please explain. 2. Where does citric acid cycle take place (please be very specific)? 3. What is substrate-level phosphorylation? What is the percentage of energy generated by substrate-level phosphorylation during aerobic phosphorylation? 4. In electron transport chain (aerobic respiration), which molecule is the most electronegative (highest electronegativity)?arrow_forward
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