Concept explainers
(a)
Interpretation:
The structure of an aldotetrose should be drawn.
Concept Introduction:
Monosaccharides in which the carbonyl group is at C-1 position are
Monosaccharides can be classified by the number of carbons in the carbon chain.
3 C's − triose
4 C's − tetrose
5 C's − pentose
6 C's − hexose
In the classification of monosaccharides based on type of carbonyl group and number of carbons present in the chain, if the monosaccharide contains an aldehyde group, the prefix aldo- is added to the name and it is called an aldose. On the other hand, if a ketone group is present, it is a ketose or the prefix keto- is added.
(b)
Interpretation:
The structure of a ketopentose should be drawn.
Concept Introduction:
Monosaccharides in which the carbonyl group is at C-1 position are aldehydes and they are called aldoses. If the carbonyl group is at C-2 position are ketones and they are called ketoses.
Monosaccharides can be classified by the number of carbons in the carbon chain.
3 C's − triose
4 C's − tetrose
5 C's − pentose
6 C's − hexose
In the classification of monosaccharides based on type of carbonyl group and number of carbons present in the chain, if the monosaccharide contains an aldehyde group, the prefix aldo- is added to the name and it is called an aldose. On the other hand, if a ketone group is present, it is a ketose or the prefix keto- is added.
(c)
Interpretation:
The structure of an aldohexose should be drawn.
Concept Introduction:
Monosaccharides in which the carbonyl group is at C-1 position are aldehydes and they are called aldoses. If the carbonyl group is at C-2 position are ketones, they are called ketoses.
Monosaccharides can be classified by the number of carbons in the carbon chain.
3 C's − triose
4 C's − tetrose
5 C's − pentose
6 C's − hexose
In the classification of monosaccharides based on type of carbonyl group and number of carbons present in the chain, if the monosaccharide contains an aldehyde group, the prefix aldo- is added to the name and it is called an aldose. On the other hand, if a ketone group is present, it is a ketose or the prefix keto- is added.
Want to see the full answer?
Check out a sample textbook solution
Chapter 20 Solutions
General, Organic, & Biological Chemistry
- Draw the structure of: (a) a polysaccharide formed by joining D-mannose units in 1->4-ß-glycosidic linkages; (b) a polysaccharide formed by joining D-glucose units in 1->6-a-glycosidic linkages. The polysaccharide in (b) is dextran, a component of dental plaque.arrow_forwardWhich statement about saccharides is correct? (A). Alpha anomers are more common than beta anoomers. (B). Two monosaccharides can form a disaccharide and oxygen. (C). Polysaccharides with alpha or beta glycosidic linkages have the different properties. (D). Disaccharides can be cyclic or acyclic.arrow_forwardSuggest how you could distinguish a sample of glucose from a sample of maltose using Benedict’s reagent. [Hint: maltose is a disaccharide reducing sugar].arrow_forward
- Monosaccharides can be categorized in terms of thenumber of carbon atoms (pentoses have five carbons andhexoses have six carbons) and according to whether theycontain an aldehyde (aldo- prefix, as in aldopentose) orketone group (keto- prefix, as in ketopentose). Classify glucoseand fructose in this way.arrow_forwardA) Define "reducing sugar." (b) Sucrose is a disaccharide composed of glucose and fructose (Glc(1 → 2)Fru). Explain why sucrose is not a reducing sugar, even though both glucose and fructose are.arrow_forwardWhich compound are both Aldose and hexose?arrow_forward
- a) Draw structural formulas for the two monosaccharides that result when structure III istreated as shown below. (b) Draw the monosaccharide that results when product A from the previous step (Q1a) istreated with Br2/H2O. (c) Draw the monosaccharide that results when product A from the previous step (Q1a) istreated with 1.NaBH4 / 2. H2O.arrow_forwardLactose is a disaccharide in which a glycosidic linkage connects the monosaccharides galactose and glucose. OH НО OH (a) Identify the glycosidic linkage and the acetal carbon in lactose. (b) What type of glycosidic linkage does lactose have (i.e., is it 1,1'-, 1,2'-, etc., and is it a or B)? (c) People who are lactose intolerant are deficient in the enzyme lactase, and therefore cannot efficiently break down the disaccharide into its monosaccharides. When lactose is treated with aqueous acid, however, this hydrolysis can take place, though relatively slowly. Draw the complete, detailed mechanism and the products of the acid-catalyzed hydrolysis of lactose. Но ОН НО ОН ОН Lactosearrow_forwardWhat chemical test should be used to distinguish allose and maltose?arrow_forward
Chemistry: Principles and PracticeChemistryISBN:9780534420123Author:Daniel L. Reger, Scott R. Goode, David W. Ball, Edward MercerPublisher:Cengage Learning
Introductory Chemistry: An Active Learning Approa...ChemistryISBN:9781305079250Author:Mark S. Cracolice, Ed PetersPublisher:Cengage Learning
World of Chemistry, 3rd editionChemistryISBN:9781133109655Author:Steven S. Zumdahl, Susan L. Zumdahl, Donald J. DeCostePublisher:Brooks / Cole / Cengage Learning
Chemistry for Today: General, Organic, and Bioche...ChemistryISBN:9781305960060Author:Spencer L. Seager, Michael R. Slabaugh, Maren S. HansenPublisher:Cengage Learning
General, Organic, and Biological ChemistryChemistryISBN:9781285853918Author:H. Stephen StokerPublisher:Cengage Learning