Principles of Biology
2nd Edition
ISBN: 9781259875120
Author: Robert Brooker, Eric P. Widmaier Dr., Linda Graham Dr. Ph.D., Peter Stiling Dr. Ph.D.
Publisher: McGraw-Hill Education
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Chapter 20.1, Problem 2TYK
Summary Introduction
Introduction:
Species concept gives an understanding about how species form and providing an approach to distinguish two species from one another. There are several concepts regarding these species concepts which are proposed by several naturalists according to their findings and perceptions.
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Below is a phylogenetic tree. Which of the following statements is correct?
Species C and D are called sibling taxa because both are derived from the same parent species H.
Species F is more related to species K than species D is.
Species A, B, and D share a common ancestor of species I.
All species shown are currently with us.
All of the above
On a phylogenetic tree, which term refers to lineages that diverged from the same place? a. sister taxa b. basal taxa c. rooted taxa d. dichotomous taxa
Which species on the chart (A,B,C,D,E,F,) is the common ancestor
Chapter 20 Solutions
Principles of Biology
Ch. 20.1 - Prob. 1CCCh. 20.1 - Prob. 1TYKCh. 20.1 - Prob. 2TYKCh. 20.2 - Prob. 1BCCh. 20.2 - Is this an example of a prezygotic or a...Ch. 20.2 - Is this an example of a prezygotic or a...Ch. 20.2 - Prob. 1TYKCh. 20.2 - Which of the following is not an example of a...Ch. 20.3 - Prob. 1BCCh. 20.3 - Prob. 1CC
Ch. 20.3 - Which of the following is an example of allopatric...Ch. 20.3 - Prob. 2TYKCh. 20.4 - Prob. 1CCCh. 20.4 - Prob. 2CCCh. 20.4 - Prob. 1TYKCh. 20 - Macroevolution refers to evolutionary changes that...Ch. 20 - Prob. 2TYCh. 20 - Prob. 3TYCh. 20 - Prob. 4TYCh. 20 - Prob. 5TYCh. 20 - Prob. 6TYCh. 20 - Prob. 7TYCh. 20 - Prob. 8TYCh. 20 - Prob. 9TYCh. 20 - Evolutionary changes in the rate or timing of...Ch. 20 - Prob. 1CCQCh. 20 - Compare and contrast different mechanisms of...Ch. 20 - A principle of biology is that populations of...Ch. 20 - Prob. 1CBQCh. 20 - Discuss the type of speciation (allopatric or...
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- n which situation would it make sense to use the phylogenetic species concept? When you are not able to collect data about how individuals in your study use their habitat, but you are able to collect reproductive data When you are able to collect data about how individuals in your study use their habitat, but you are unable to determine if they interbreed When you only have genetic data about each organism in your study When working with fossils from extinct organismsarrow_forwardWhat name is used to describe a species that exhibits the ancestral state for every trait observed? options: outgroup ingroup sister species homologous speciesarrow_forwardPhylogenetic trees are diagrams used to reflect evolutionary relationships among organisms or groups of organisms. _______ trees have a single ancestral line to which all organisms in the diagram relate to. ______ do not have a common ancestor but do show relationships among species.arrow_forward
- Why is a classification system based on relatedness war objective than a classification system based on the comparison of observed characteristics. What do the tips and branches of a phylogenetic tree representarrow_forwardWhen building a phylogenetic tree, where do you place a number used to designate a change in character state?options: at a mark crossing the branch for the species that exhibits the new state at a node where two branches diverge at the end of a branch between the last species to exhibit the old state and the first to display the new statearrow_forwardWhich specific type of character state is most useful in constructing a phylogenetic tree? options: shared derived state ancestral state uniquely derived state derived statearrow_forward
- When presenting a phylogenetic tree, researchers will often indicate the level of bootstrap support for each clade. This is done by placing a percentile number along the branch leading to that clade, as in the figure above. Here, the number 80 indicates that the - A. the outgroup is a monophyletic clade in 80% of the bootstrap replicates. B. the ingroup is a monophyletic clade in 20% of the bootstrap replicates. C. the outroup is a monophyletic clade in 20% of the bootstrap replicates. D. the ingroup is a monophyletic clade in 80% of bootstrap replicates.arrow_forwardDraw a simple phylogenetic tree for two sisters clades with a common ancestor. Each sister clade consists of two taxa. Define the following terms and use to label your diagram: clade, node, branch, common ancestor, and taxon.arrow_forwardWhich method of building phylogenetic trees relies on both the number of evolutionary transitions on the phylogenetic tree and the likelihood of the evolutionary transitions? a. Maximum Credibility b. Maximum Likelihood c. Parsimony d. Bootstrappingarrow_forward
- Use the following matrix to create a phylogenetic tree showing the relationship of the species. Mark the position of species and traits on your tree. (Hint: the Jellyfish is the outgroup). 1: is to represent the presence of the traits 0: is to represent the absence of the traitsarrow_forwardDefine the following terms: cladistics phylogenetic tree clade cladogram phenogram phylogenetic divergence synapomorphyarrow_forwardWhich of the following is a problem with applying the phylogenetic species concept? Some individuals we think are different species can interbreed Some individuals look exceedingly similar Increased DNA sequencing could lead to different definitions of species No one knows how to make a phylogenyarrow_forward
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