Principles of Biology
2nd Edition
ISBN: 9781259875120
Author: Robert Brooker, Eric P. Widmaier Dr., Linda Graham Dr. Ph.D., Peter Stiling Dr. Ph.D.
Publisher: McGraw-Hill Education
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Chapter 20.3, Problem 2TYK
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Which of the following is least likely to be a process associated with sympatric speciation?
A.) specialization on different food resources
B.) specialization on different habitats
C.) mutations that cause differences in pheromones
D.) mutations that cause changes in ploidy
The formation of polyploids is common in plants and can abruptly produce a new species. This is an example of
a. allopatric speciation. c. sympatric speciation.
b. parapatric speciation. d. all of the above.
Orthologous genes are duplicated genes as an accompaniment to speciation. They are duplicated genes that have lost their function.
The 1st statement is True and the 2nd statement is False.
The 1st statement is False and the 2nd statement is True.
Both Staments are True.
Both statements are False.
Chapter 20 Solutions
Principles of Biology
Ch. 20.1 - Prob. 1CCCh. 20.1 - Prob. 1TYKCh. 20.1 - Prob. 2TYKCh. 20.2 - Prob. 1BCCh. 20.2 - Is this an example of a prezygotic or a...Ch. 20.2 - Is this an example of a prezygotic or a...Ch. 20.2 - Prob. 1TYKCh. 20.2 - Which of the following is not an example of a...Ch. 20.3 - Prob. 1BCCh. 20.3 - Prob. 1CC
Ch. 20.3 - Which of the following is an example of allopatric...Ch. 20.3 - Prob. 2TYKCh. 20.4 - Prob. 1CCCh. 20.4 - Prob. 2CCCh. 20.4 - Prob. 1TYKCh. 20 - Macroevolution refers to evolutionary changes that...Ch. 20 - Prob. 2TYCh. 20 - Prob. 3TYCh. 20 - Prob. 4TYCh. 20 - Prob. 5TYCh. 20 - Prob. 6TYCh. 20 - Prob. 7TYCh. 20 - Prob. 8TYCh. 20 - Prob. 9TYCh. 20 - Evolutionary changes in the rate or timing of...Ch. 20 - Prob. 1CCQCh. 20 - Compare and contrast different mechanisms of...Ch. 20 - A principle of biology is that populations of...Ch. 20 - Prob. 1CBQCh. 20 - Discuss the type of speciation (allopatric or...
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- Several new tetraploid species of a plant called salsify (Tragopogon) have arisen in western North America. These new species each arose from a diploid species that went through the process of allopolyploidy. This mode of speciation is a type of ________ and it occurs ________. A. allopatric speciation; almost instantaneously B. sympatric speciation; gradually C. allopatric speciation; very slowly D. sympatric speciation; quicklyarrow_forwardA genome duplication event, creating a tetraploid plant from a diploid parent plant, can sometimes result in the creation of a new species. This type of speciation is called allopatric adaptive radiation sympatric gradual speciation Which of the following is an example of a postzygotic barrier? Hybrid offspring of two species of jimsonweeds always die before reproducing One plant lives on acid soil, the other on alkaline soil. Two species of leopard frogs have different mating calls Mallard and pintail ducks mate at different times of the year Pollen of one species of tobacco cannot fertilize a different species of tobacco.arrow_forwardWhile donkeys and horses have ignored each other historically in the wild, hybrids can be made through artificial insemination. The resulting hybrids are unusual in that they are generally viable, but always sterile. Because of their sterility, a blended lineage of the two animals cannot exist. What evolutionary force is this an example of? A. Prezygotic barrierB. Postzygotic barrierC. Allopatric SpeciationD. Sympatric Speciationarrow_forward
- The origin of a new plant species by hybridization, coupled with accidents during nuclear division, is an example of Group of answer choices A.habitat selection B.allopatric speciation C.sympatric speciation D.autopolyploidyarrow_forwardWhat is a reason that speciation can occur? Organisms within a species are brought into closer proximity by a physical barrier. Organisms within an ecosystem make adaptions that involve different breeding times or interactions. Organisms develop traits that are not beneficial to their survival, and these traits are passed from generation to generation. Organisms develop traits that are beneficial and pass on the same traits to all future generations within the same species.arrow_forwardThe first step leading to allopatric speciation is (a) hybrid inviability (b) hybrid breakdown (c) adaptive radiation (d) geographic isolation (e) paedomorphosisarrow_forward
- A physical barrier separates a single species, causing two separate populations to form. Over time these two populations adapt to their environments. Eventually, these two populations are no longer able to successfully reproduce with each other. This is known as __________. A. Sympatric speciation B. Allopatric speciation C. Autopatric speciation D. Parapatric speciationarrow_forwardSome species undergo polyploidy, which is a multiplication of their chromosomes. That is, they contain full chromosomes from each parent. How could speciation affect a polyploid organism? A. The polyploid organisms may experience gametic isolation. B. The polyploid organisms may experience behavioral isolation. C. The polyploid organisms may experience geographic isolation. D. The polyploid organisms would not be affected by speciation.arrow_forwardSpecies A, B, and C are related according to the phylogeny below (A,(B,C)). Species A and C diverged 10,000,000 generations ago, and species B and C diverged 100,000 generations ago. All three species are diploids. The mutation rate in their genomes is 1×10−9 mutations per basepair per generation. A gene found in all three species is 1,000 bp long. 75% of mutations in the gene are deleterious and 0% are beneficial. Use this information to answer the following questions. a) Species A has 100,000 diploid individuals. How many new mutations arise per basepair per generation in species A? b) What is the gene’s neutral mutation rate per basepair per generation? c) What is the expected rate of fixation of neutral mutations in the gene? d) How many neutral substitution do you expect to observe if you compared the gene between species A and C?arrow_forward
- Species A, B, and C are related according to the phylogeny below (A,(B,C)). Species A and C diverged 10,000,000 generations ago, and species B and C diverged 100,000 generations ago. All three species are diploids. The mutation rate in their genomes is 1×10−9 mutations per basepair per generation. A gene found in all three species is 1,000 bp long. 75% of mutations in the gene are deleterious and 0% are beneficial. Use this information to answer the following questions. a) If there are 20 polymorphic synonymous sites in the gene in species A, how many non-synonymous sites do you expect to be polymorphic? Assume all synonymous changes are neutral. b) In species B, there are an average of two pairwise differences between individuals within the gene. What is the effective population size of species B? c) What do you expect FST to be between species B and C? Assume no migration between the species after they diverged.arrow_forwardThe biological species concept depends on the existence of barriers to reproduction. What are they? Does this species concept apply in all situations? Think of an example from nature where the biological species concept would NOT be that applicable. Which species concept would be better in this example? How does speciation occur? What environmental factors might contribute to speciation? Can an individual speciate? Use terminology for the two kinds of speciation we have learned about. What is “gene flow”? What does it mean if there is NO gene flow? Two groups of individuals are separated by either side of a canyon. One researcher found that they do not cross the canyon at any point. The group on the north side have fluffy tails and thicker coats, and they do not eat moss. The south side individuals eat moss almost exclusively, have a thin coat and tail, but otherwise are generally identical. When in the lab they mated successfully, and the offspring of that mating also mated…arrow_forwardWhich of the following would NOT be a reason for a speciation event? Group of answer choices comfortable environmental conditions plentiful food supplies very few natural disasters and/or catastrophic events increased amounts of predators lack of predatorsarrow_forward
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