EBK LIFE: THE SCIENCE OF BIOLOGY
11th Edition
ISBN: 8220103935432
Author: Sadava
Publisher: MAC HIGHER
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Chapter 20.1, Problem 4R
Summary Introduction
To review:
The ‘anticipatory’ behaviors that have been evolved in organisms, such that the organisms use to respond to the events occurring in nature before they actually happen.
Introduction:
The populations cannot adapt to environmental conditions that have not been experienced by the organisms in a population, in natural selection. Yet, many organisms are able to respond to the events, occurring in their surroundings, even before they actually happen. For example, many birds depart to the southern wintering grounds from temperate zone long before the arrival of winters. Similarly, some mammals hibernate even during the warm conditions.
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Organisms with favorable characteristics are more likely to survive and pass on their traits to their offspring. This is referred to as
Ovariation
Ospeciation
O adaptation
natural selection
If natural selection has no foresight,how can it explain features that seem to prepare organisms for future events? For example, deciduous trees at high latitudes drop their leaves before winter arrives, male birds establish territories before females arrive in the spring, and animals such as squirrels and jays store food as winter approaches.
The broad thin ears of this African elephant help dissipate heat during hot days of its
habitat - a trait that makes the survival of the organism possible in that habitat. This
is an example of
response to stimulus
growth and development
hierarchial order of organism
evolutionary adaptation
inter-species interaction
Chapter 20 Solutions
EBK LIFE: THE SCIENCE OF BIOLOGY
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- The rough-skinned newt, which lives in western North America, stores a poison in its skin and is avoided by predators. However, several populations of garter snakes have undergone one or a few mutations that enablethem to tolerate the toxin, and these snakes eat the newts with no ill effects. How has natural selection affected this predator–prey relationship? Based on what you have learned about evolutionary arms races, predict what may happen to the newts and the poison-resistant garter snakes over time.arrow_forwardWhich of the following is an example of a limitation on adaptation through natural selection? In a population of bacteria exposed to an antibiotic, there may be no individual with a resistance gene on which selection can act. O Bacteria reproduce very rapidly. Natural selection can only work to improve a species in the longer term and would not allow selection of something that would only have a short-term benefit. Mutations are very rare. Most animal populations have little genetic variation on which selection can act.arrow_forwardWhich of the following is true about adaptation? 1. It is random. II. It results from genetic mutations. II. It creates new types of species. O 1, II, and II O I and II O Il and III O l onlyarrow_forward
- A caterpillar changes into a butterfly. This is an example of… Group of answer choices irritability development evolution reproduction growtharrow_forwardMosquitoes can carry and transmit many diseases to humans. In the past, the insecticide DDT was heavily used to reduce mosquito populations in order to reduce instances of disease transmission. However, after some time, mosquito populations developed a resistance to DDT, which made the DDT less effective in reducing mosquito populations. Based on what you’ve learned about natural selection, describe how mosquitoes may have come to develop this resistancearrow_forwardYour friend remarks, "The giraffe stretched its neck while reaching for higher leaves; as a result, its offspring inherited longer necks” Which statement is the best response to correct your friend’s misconception? Group of answer choices Characteristics acquired are generally not passed on through genes to its offspring. Only favorable adaptations have survival value. Body that are used extensively become larger and stronger. Overproduction of offspring leads to a struggle for survival.arrow_forward
- Natural selection occurs when which of the following conditions are met? Individual organisms depend on each other to obtain available resources • Variations between individual organisms lead to differential survival chances Habitat and nutrient resources in an area are plentiful over a long period of time The conditions in an ecosystem support a wide range of living organismsarrow_forwardMosquitoes can carry and transmit many diseases to humansIn the past, the insecticide DDT was heavily used to reduce mosquito populations in order to reduce instances of disease transmission. However, after some time, mosquito populations developed a resistance to DDT, which made the DDT less effective in reducing mosquito populations . Based on what you've learned about natural selection, in 3-5 sentences, describe how mosquitoes may have come to develop this resistance.arrow_forwardOver long periods of time, many cave-dwelling organisms have lost their eyes. Tapeworms have lost their digestive systems. VWhales have lost their hind limbs. How can natural selection account for these losses? The ancestors of these organisms experienced harmful mutations that forced them to lose these structures. Natural selection accounts for these losses by the principle of use and disuse. OIf the function of these structures has diminished over long periods of time, each of these structures presented greater costs than benefits. O Natural selection cannot account for losses, but accounts only for new structures and functions.arrow_forward
- North American desert horned lizards have the unusual ability to flood their ocular sinuses with blood. By contracting muscles within their eyes, the lizards can rupture their sinus membranes and cause blood to squirt from their eye socket. This unique behaviour is used as a defense strategy. For natural selection to select for this trait, what must be true about this behaviour?arrow_forwardSuppose scientists are monitoring the changes to a population of fish in a tank over several months. Which scenario below best describes 'natural selection'? O A predator is introduced, and feeds on slower fish more than faster fish. A group of 200 fish of the same species are introduced into the tank. The fish population experience an algae infection, and only a few fish survive. O Females mate with brightly colored males instead of drab colored males.arrow_forwardWhich of the following statements about natural selection is not true? O Natural selection operates according to differential reproductive success of individuals. O Natural selection usually predominates in small population only. O The cumulative effects of natural selection gives rise to individuals that can survive in a specific environment. O Natural selection results in evolution when individuals with higher survival and reproductive rates pass on these traits to their offspring.arrow_forward
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