Biological Science (6th Edition)
6th Edition
ISBN: 9780321976499
Author: Scott Freeman, Kim Quillin, Lizabeth Allison, Michael Black, Emily Taylor, Greg Podgorski, Jeff Carmichael
Publisher: PEARSON
expand_more
expand_more
format_list_bulleted
Videos
Textbook Question
Chapter 21, Problem 16PIAT
SOCIETY A research team has explored the possibility ofdifferentiating human embryonic stem (hES) cells into pancreatic cells that might be used to treat diabetes. In contrast to iPS cells, hES cells are taken from an early human embryo, and obtaining them destroys the embryo. The team showed that cells differentiated from hES cells could cure diabetes in a mouse model of the disease. If the same outcome of curing diabetes could be achieved in humans, would there be any advantage to starting with hES or iPS cells to produce pancreatic cells in order to gain widespread acceptance of this therapeutic approach? Why?
Expert Solution & Answer
Trending nowThis is a popular solution!
Students have asked these similar questions
New treatments for several conditions are being developed using stem cells in medical waste, such as biopsy material, teeth, menstrual blood, umbilical cords, and fatty tissue removed in liposuction. For example, fat samples from injured horses are used to grow stem cells to treat tendon injuries. Explain how the two defining characteristics of stem cells enable them to be used to replace damaged or diseased tissue, so that the new tissue functions as opposed to forming a scar.
TGF-β1 is a protein that affects cell growth and differentiation. Scientists conducted an experiment where epithelial cells were treated with transforming growth factor beta 1 (TGF-β1) in the laboratory. At the end of the experiment, the epithelial cells had transformed through several stages from epithelial cells to embryonic stem cells (ESCs) to neural progenitor cells (NPCs), and finally to cortical neurons (CNs). The scientists observed the transformation of the cells by analyzing gene expression at certain stages (M1-M7) and determined the relative gene expression level, as shown in the graph.
The graph shows the relative gene expression level for cells at different stages of differentiation.
Which of the following claims could account for the differences in gene expression at each stage of cell differentiation, and how does this correlate with the distance of the genes on the chromosome?
A - Cell differentiation is controlled by RNA translation, but there is no…
A controversial issue, closely related to cloning, that has caused a lot of debate is the use of embryonic stem cells. One possible application of these cells is that they may be able to supply replacement tissues to treat diseases such as Parkinson's disease, diabetes, paralysis due to spinal cord injuries, and other degenerative diseases. The word "embryonic", has caused fierce opposition to this type of research because embryos are destroyed when the stem cells are removed. Questions that have surfaced in this debate include: When a cell nucleus is transferred to another cell, have we created life? Does a stem cell have the same status as a human? What should be done with the embryos that are leftover at in vitro fertilization (IVF), clinics? Advocates argue that the medical benefits of stem cell research would be enormous. Opponents argue that life begins at conception and thus this type of research is abortion.
Based on what you have read, explain why you are for or against stem…
Chapter 21 Solutions
Biological Science (6th Edition)
Ch. 21 - 1. What is apoptosis?
a. an experimental technique...Ch. 21 - In adult animals, ______ are a source of...Ch. 21 - 3. What is a homeotic mutant?
a. an individual...Ch. 21 - 4. A tool-kit gene is _________.
Ch. 21 - CAUTION A friend is interested in isolating genes...Ch. 21 - 6. How is determination distinct from...Ch. 21 - What is the connection between genetic regulatory...Ch. 21 - Which of the following provides the strongest...Ch. 21 - QUANTITATIVE Imagine a situation in which a...Ch. 21 - 10. PROCESS OF SCIENCE Some stickleback fish...
Knowledge Booster
Learn more about
Need a deep-dive on the concept behind this application? Look no further. Learn more about this topic, biology and related others by exploring similar questions and additional content below.Similar questions
- Please select a disease (like cancer) that can be modeled through the generation of induced pluripotent stem cells. And explain it. And please give information and explain the modeling of this disease with IPS cells. provide information about the processarrow_forwardIn other words, the master regulator initiates a program of gene expression that narrow the potential fates of the precursor's cells’ descendants to the type of cells that participate in the organ’s function. Question: Once a master regulator gene is turned on in some cells and not in others, how do cells “remember” that pattern through all the cell division that occur to form a specific organ?arrow_forwardA experiment in which cancer cells were injected into the vein leading to the liver demonstrated: Select one: a. Very few cancer cells were trapped in the capillary bed of the liver b. Many cancer cells were trapped in the capillary bed but most of them were not able to escape the blood into the tissues. c. Most of the cancer cells were trapped in the capillary bed but only a small percentage formed macrometastases d. Many cancer cells were trapped in the capillary bed and most of these became macrometastases.arrow_forward
- Adult stem cells, such as those in the bone marrow, brain, or hair follicles, can best be described as ______, whereas embryonic stem cells are described as ______. a. totipotent; pluripotent b. pluripotent; multipotent c. multipotent; pluripotent d. totipotent; multipotentarrow_forwardCould we potentially make cells immortal, thus making humans immortal? The Turritopsis dohrnii, is a type of medusa that when stressful conditions arise they go back to its underdeveloped form. They are known as the immortal jellyfish because they can undergo this process called transdifferentiation. Using medusas as a model, could we potentially find the key to immortality? Another potential key for preventing cell death and a key to immortality is HeLa cells. These cells originate from a woman who got a biopsy done back in the 1950s to treat her cervical cancer. Her cells continued to grow in a lab setting, which is incredibly hard to do. To this day, researchers still use her cells to do biomedical research. With these two models, we could potentially make cells immortal, but there is still a major issue of DNA and protein mutations that can lead to cancer, or diseases.arrow_forwardStem cells (cells with little or no determination) are useful in many kinds of biological research for which of the following reasons? Group of answer choices A. they do not have particular cell fates B. None of their DNA is methylated C. They have unique cytoplasmic determinants D. They have no microRNA E. They have not differentiatedarrow_forward
- One important biological effect of a large dose of ionizing radiation (like X-rays) is to halt cell division. How does this occur? To answer this question, state the name and role of 2 specific and important proteins involved in the process. What happens if a cell has a mutation that prevents it from halting cell division after be irradiated? Be specific and detailed. An adult human who has reached maturity will die within a few days of receiving a radiation dose large enough to stop cell division. What does that tell you about cell division? In addition, name 2 different/unique cell types that would be primarily affected.arrow_forwardStargardt's disease was one of these that can be treated using embryonic stem cells. Why would scientist chose to use this type of stem cell in treatment of Stargard's? A. There ae not ethical issue concerning their use B. They retain stem cell properties even after specialization C. They are able to differentiate into the required cell type D. They are already specialized for this funtionarrow_forwardPlease answer Discuss the mechanisms by which transcription factors influence the reprogramming of somatic cells towards an embryonic stem cell like fate. Describe the key scientific factors involved in the creation of these cells and their potential applications in cell therapy.arrow_forward
- Cellular reprogramming and induced pluripotent stem cells have allowed scientists to model various diseases and screen drugs in these in vitro models. Please select a disease (like cancer) that can be modeled through the generation of induced pluripotent stem cells. You can use published literature and explain:1) why is it important to model such a disease?2) what were the key findings after modeling such a disease? 3) a drug that has been screened in this disease model. Explain in detail the main findings.arrow_forwardA salamander can regenerate the entire front part of the brain; including sensory structures. Being a salamander enthusiast you use laser capture microdissection to isolate a proliferative group of cells after sectioning off part of the brain of your pet salamander. What are 5 ways that you could determine if these cells are indeed NEURAL stem cells and briefly describe each?arrow_forwardYour friend can't understand how it is possible to combine a somatic cell from their pet with an oocyte from a different animal and create a clone of their pet. Won't the animal that develops be the offspring of the two animals rather than a clone of the animal that donated the somatic cell? Explain to your friend why this is not the case.arrow_forward
arrow_back_ios
SEE MORE QUESTIONS
arrow_forward_ios
Recommended textbooks for you
Human Anatomy & Physiology (11th Edition)BiologyISBN:9780134580999Author:Elaine N. Marieb, Katja N. HoehnPublisher:PEARSON
Biology 2eBiologyISBN:9781947172517Author:Matthew Douglas, Jung Choi, Mary Ann ClarkPublisher:OpenStax
Anatomy & PhysiologyBiologyISBN:9781259398629Author:McKinley, Michael P., O'loughlin, Valerie Dean, Bidle, Theresa StouterPublisher:Mcgraw Hill Education,
Molecular Biology of the Cell (Sixth Edition)BiologyISBN:9780815344322Author:Bruce Alberts, Alexander D. Johnson, Julian Lewis, David Morgan, Martin Raff, Keith Roberts, Peter WalterPublisher:W. W. Norton & Company
Laboratory Manual For Human Anatomy & PhysiologyBiologyISBN:9781260159363Author:Martin, Terry R., Prentice-craver, CynthiaPublisher:McGraw-Hill Publishing Co.
Inquiry Into Life (16th Edition)BiologyISBN:9781260231700Author:Sylvia S. Mader, Michael WindelspechtPublisher:McGraw Hill Education
Human Anatomy & Physiology (11th Edition)
Biology
ISBN:9780134580999
Author:Elaine N. Marieb, Katja N. Hoehn
Publisher:PEARSON
Biology 2e
Biology
ISBN:9781947172517
Author:Matthew Douglas, Jung Choi, Mary Ann Clark
Publisher:OpenStax
Anatomy & Physiology
Biology
ISBN:9781259398629
Author:McKinley, Michael P., O'loughlin, Valerie Dean, Bidle, Theresa Stouter
Publisher:Mcgraw Hill Education,
Molecular Biology of the Cell (Sixth Edition)
Biology
ISBN:9780815344322
Author:Bruce Alberts, Alexander D. Johnson, Julian Lewis, David Morgan, Martin Raff, Keith Roberts, Peter Walter
Publisher:W. W. Norton & Company
Laboratory Manual For Human Anatomy & Physiology
Biology
ISBN:9781260159363
Author:Martin, Terry R., Prentice-craver, Cynthia
Publisher:McGraw-Hill Publishing Co.
Inquiry Into Life (16th Edition)
Biology
ISBN:9781260231700
Author:Sylvia S. Mader, Michael Windelspecht
Publisher:McGraw Hill Education
Cell Differentiation | Genetics | Biology | FuseSchool; Author: FuseSchool - Global Education;https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=gwAz_BtVuLA;License: Standard YouTube License, CC-BY