The stereoisomers formed from the cyclization of both A and B , are to be drawn, and an explanation for an optically inactive product mixture from A and an optically active product mixture from B is to be stated. Concept introduction: The formation of a cyclic hemiacetal is an acid catalyzed reaction. The cyclic hemiacetals formed by the intramolecular cyclization of hydroxyl aldehydes . This process leads to the formation of equal amount of hemiacetal enantiomers with a new stereogenic center.

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Definition Definition Organic compounds that have a carbonyl group, C=O, as their functional group. The carbonyl group in aldehydes is placed at the end of the molecular structure, which means the C=O is attached to one hydrogen atom and an alkyl group or a benzene ring. Just like all the other homologous series in organic chemistry, the naming of aldehydes uses the suffix “-al”. The general molecular formula is C n H 2n O.

Chapter 21, Problem 21.49P

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation: The stereoisomers formed from the cyclization of both A and B, are to be drawn, and an explanation for an optically inactive product mixture from A and an optically active product mixture from B is to be stated.

Concept introduction: The formation of a cyclic hemiacetal is an acid catalyzed reaction. The cyclic hemiacetals formed by the intramolecular cyclization of hydroxyl aldehydes. This process leads to the formation of equal amount of hemiacetal enantiomers with a new stereogenic center.

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Hydroxy aldehydes A and B readily cyclize to form hemiacetals. Draw the stereoisomers formed in this reaction from both A and B. Explain why this process gives an optically inactive product mixture from A, and an optically active product mixture from B.

Why is it not advisable to use aqueous hydrochloric acid in a Grignard reaction of a ketone? A) The Grignard reagent will react with the acid and cannot react with the ketone. B) The ketone will be protonated and will become unreactive. C) The ketone will form an unreactive enol. D) The Grignard reagent won't dissolve in aqueous solutions

Explain why an acetal can be isolated but most hydrates cannot be isolated.

Answer 2

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Definition Definition Organic compounds that have a carbonyl group, C=O, as their functional group. The carbonyl group in aldehydes is placed at the end of the molecular structure, which means the C=O is attached to one hydrogen atom and an alkyl group or a benzene ring. Just like all the other homologous series in organic chemistry, the naming of aldehydes uses the suffix “-al”. The general molecular formula is C n H 2n O.

Chapter 21, Problem 21.49P

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation: The stereoisomers formed from the cyclization of both A and B, are to be drawn, and an explanation for an optically inactive product mixture from A and an optically active product mixture from B is to be stated.

Concept introduction: The formation of a cyclic hemiacetal is an acid catalyzed reaction. The cyclic hemiacetals formed by the intramolecular cyclization of hydroxyl aldehydes. This process leads to the formation of equal amount of hemiacetal enantiomers with a new stereogenic center.

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Answer 3

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Definition Definition Organic compounds that have a carbonyl group, C=O, as their functional group. The carbonyl group in aldehydes is placed at the end of the molecular structure, which means the C=O is attached to one hydrogen atom and an alkyl group or a benzene ring. Just like all the other homologous series in organic chemistry, the naming of aldehydes uses the suffix “-al”. The general molecular formula is C n H 2n O.

Chapter 21, Problem 21.49P

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation: The stereoisomers formed from the cyclization of both A and B, are to be drawn, and an explanation for an optically inactive product mixture from A and an optically active product mixture from B is to be stated.

Concept introduction: The formation of a cyclic hemiacetal is an acid catalyzed reaction. The cyclic hemiacetals formed by the intramolecular cyclization of hydroxyl aldehydes. This process leads to the formation of equal amount of hemiacetal enantiomers with a new stereogenic center.

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Check out a sample textbook solution

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Answer 4

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Definition Definition Organic compounds that have a carbonyl group, C=O, as their functional group. The carbonyl group in aldehydes is placed at the end of the molecular structure, which means the C=O is attached to one hydrogen atom and an alkyl group or a benzene ring. Just like all the other homologous series in organic chemistry, the naming of aldehydes uses the suffix “-al”. The general molecular formula is C n H 2n O.

Chapter 21, Problem 21.49P

Interpretation Introduction