(a)
Interpretation:
The binding energy for the emitted electron is to be calculated.
Concept introduction:
The minimum energy required to remove an electron from its orbit to a reason is called binding energy. It is represented as
(b)
Interpretation:
The kinetic energy if
Concept introduction:
The kinetic energy is the product of electronic charge, potential difference and the charge. It is represented as
(c)
Interpretation:
The peak was an XPS and not an Auger electron peak is to be verified.
Concept introduction:
Both AES (Auger Electron Spectrometer) and XPS (X-ray Photoelectron Spectrometer) are used in spectrometer. The sample is detected by the use of these spectrometers. The XPS peaks change according to the source, and it is different for different sources.
(d)
Interpretation:
The net energy of electron with source
Concept introduction:
The minimum energy required to remove an electron from its orbit to a reason is called binding energy. It is represented as
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Chapter 21 Solutions
Principles of Instrumental Analysis, 6th Edition
- Singly-ionized carbon atoms are accelerated through 1050 V and passed into a mass spectrometer to determine the isotopes present. The magnetic field strength in the spectrometer is 0.180 T. (a) Determine the orbital radii for the 12C and 13C isotopes as they pass through the field. cm (12C) cm (13C) (b) Show that the ratio of the radii may be written in the form m1 = V by verifying that your radii in part (a) satisfy this formula. m1 m-arrow_forwardCalculate the kinetic energy of an electron ejected from the surface of a sample of Rubidium (binding energy = 2.26 eV (where 1 eV = 1.60218 x 10-19 J) when the metal is subjected to photons having a wavelength of 325 nm.arrow_forwardThe first excited state of Ca is reached by absorption of 422.7-nm light. (a) What is the energy difference (J) between the ground and excited states? (b) The degeneracies are g*/g0 3 for Ca. Find N*/N0 at 2 500 K. (c) By what percentage will the fraction in (b) be changed by a 15-K rise in temperature? (d) Find N*/N0 at 6 000 K.arrow_forward
- A cyclotron used to accelerate alpha-particles (m = 6.64×10−27kg, q = 3.2×10−19 C has a radius of 0.50 m and a magnetic field of 1.8 T. (a) What is the period of revolution of the alpha-particles? (b) What is their maximum kinetic energy?arrow_forwardCalculate the value of (Nβ - Nα)/N for electrons in a field of (a) 0.40 T, (b) 1.2 T.arrow_forwardIn photoelectron spectroscopy, an electron is ejected from an atom by the collision of a UV photon with the surface of the atom. The equation describing this reaction is similar to the photoelectric effect described by Einstein: hv = ½ mv + Ei, where E; is the ionization energy of the atom. In one experiment on potassium, the kinetic energy of the ejected electron was 5.34 x 10ºJ when the UV source had a wavelength of 162 nm. Calculate the ionization energy of potassium. -19arrow_forward
- Enter the expression 147N+α714N+α, where αα is the lowercase Greek letter alpha.arrow_forwardProfessor E. Lawrence suggested that to separate Uranium-235 from Uranium-238 a mass spectrograph could be used. The mass of a Uranium-235 atom is given by. M = 235*1.66 x 1027 kg and Uranium-238 M 238(1.66 x 10-27 kg. The accelerating voltage is 5000 volts, and the magnetic field is B = 0.200 T. What %3D is the difference in the radius of their orbits?arrow_forwardWhy is 800nm used for the wavelength when measuring the absorbance of the blue copper II sulfate solution?arrow_forward
- The velocitites of an electron (me = 9.1 · 10-31 kg), a proton (mp = 1.7.10-27 kg), a ladybug (mbug = 50 mg) and the moon (mmoon = 7.3 1022 kg) could be determined with an uncertainty of velocity of Av = 1.8 mm/s. Calculate the uncertainty of space Ax.arrow_forwardThe molar absorption coefficient of a solute at 440 nm is 423 dm3 mol−1 cm−1. When light of that wavelength passes through a 6.50 mm cell containing a solution of the solute, 48.3 per cent of the light was absorbed. What is the molar concentration of the solute?arrow_forward(b) A system with chemical potential u = 12.5 meV contains identical particles each with integer spin and has a single quantum state at energy E, = 0 meV. The temperature of the system is fixed at 290 K. To three significant figures, what is the ratio Pg/P1, where P is the probability of finding a single particle in the state Eo, and P3 is the probability of finding 3 particles in this state? P3/P (Input your answer as a number.)arrow_forward
- Principles of Instrumental AnalysisChemistryISBN:9781305577213Author:Douglas A. Skoog, F. James Holler, Stanley R. CrouchPublisher:Cengage LearningIntroduction to General, Organic and BiochemistryChemistryISBN:9781285869759Author:Frederick A. Bettelheim, William H. Brown, Mary K. Campbell, Shawn O. Farrell, Omar TorresPublisher:Cengage Learning