Nester's Microbiology: A Human Perspective
9th Edition
ISBN: 9781259709999
Author: Denise G. Anderson Lecturer, Sarah Salm, Deborah Allen
Publisher: McGraw-Hill Education
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Chapter 21, Problem 2CT
Summary Introduction
To review:
The nature of the interaction between the medications and the neuraminidase molecules present on the influenza viruses for preventing and treating influenza in human beings.
Introduction:
Influenza, which is commonly called flu, is a type of viral infection. This is caused by the influenza virus. There are three types of influenza virus on the basis of the protein coat, namely Type A, B, and C. Type A causes the most serious type of disease. The person suffering from influenza feels a sore throat, headache, fever, and muscle pain. This influenza virus is a single-stranded, enveloped RNA (ribonucleic acid), which belongs to the orthomyxovirus family.
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Medications that prevent and treat influenza by binding to neuraminidase on the viral surface act against all the kinds of influenza viruses that infect humans. What does this imply about the nature of the interaction between the medications and the neuraminidase molecules?
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does host species that a particular virus infects evolve to have the viral receptors?
would the above offer any survival and/or reproductive advantages to the host?
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Chapter 21 Solutions
Nester's Microbiology: A Human Perspective
Ch. 21 - Prob. 1SACh. 21 - After you recover from strep throat, can you get...Ch. 21 - Prob. 3SACh. 21 -
4. Why has no vaccine been developed for the...Ch. 21 - Prob. 5SACh. 21 - Prob. 6SACh. 21 - Prob. 7SACh. 21 - Prob. 8SACh. 21 - Why did it take so long to discover the cause of...Ch. 21 - Prob. 10SA
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- All of the following statements correctly describes the properties of Influenza A virus EXCEPT A-Viral transcription occurs in the nucleus B-Mature virion are released by budding C-Single stranded positive sense RNA virus D-Attaches to cell-surface sialic acidarrow_forwardAs a general rule, viruses are not considered to be alive based on several reasons. One such reason is that some viruses use RNA as their genetic material instead of DNA. Which of the five biological themes does this violate? Briefly explain why.arrow_forwardList three differences between the structure of HIV and the virus that causes influenza. For one of these differences, explain how the STRUCTURE is key to the FUNCTION of the virus.arrow_forward
- To infect their specific host cells, viruses go through these chronological steps EXCEPT a. Release of progeny viruses b. Absorption and penetration of the viral particles c. Uncoating of the nucleic acid of the viral particles d. Synthesis and assembly of viral particle componentsarrow_forwardAfter a positive strand RNA virus ( Such as Coronaviruses) enters the host cell, the RNA is translated by ribosomes to create proteins associated with the virus (Such as, for example, the surface antigens like E and Spike proteins). How then, would the genetic material itself be replicated to be incorporated into the new viruses?.arrow_forwardCan you compare and contrast the infection process of influenza and HIV? What are the specific molecules on the surface of each virus that directly interacts with the respective cellular receptor molecule? What is/are the specific molecules on the surface of the respective target cells that serve as the cellular receptors for these viruses respectively?arrow_forward
- What is a reassortant influenza virus and why can such virusesbe so dangerous?arrow_forwardThe type specific antigen (A, B or C) of influenza viruses is found on which viral constituent? A-Nucleocapsid B-Lipid in viral envelope C-Neuraminidase D-Hemagglutinin E-Major structural proteinarrow_forwardViruses may be latent for a long period of time. For example, HIV may be latent for many years, during which new viruses are not made. What are three different mechanisms of viral latency?arrow_forward
- Rhinovirus and the flaviviruses have a _________ RNA genome, which ___________________ bind in order for translation to occur. As with most viruses with such genomes, they produce a ________________ (type of peptide), which is cleaved in order to produce the individual viral proteinsarrow_forwardViruses that infect bacterial cells do not infect human cells, and viruses that infect human cells do not infect bacterial cells. Explain why this should be the case.arrow_forwardInfluenza vaccines must be changed yearly because the amino acid sequence of the viral proteins change gradually over time. Based on this information, which is the most logical conclusion? The influenza virusa) is enveloped. b) is non-enveloped.c) has a DNA genome. d) has an RNA genome.e) causes a persistent infection.arrow_forward
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