Concept explainers
a.
To determine:
The sketch of the distribution of stem length phenotypic classes that are expected to be seen relative to the distribution given in Figs. 22.5a and 22.5b.
Introduction:
Phenotypic characters of an organism are the physical features that are visible to others. These characters are determined by the genes present in the genetic material of the organism.
b.
To determine:
The reason behind expectancy of seeing phenotypic variance higher than zero for the genetically identical dandelions grown in a constant environment.
Introduction:
Environmental conditions, along with the genomics of an organism, determine the possible phenotypic character of the organism. Change in the environmental conditions changes the expected phenotypic characters to some extent.
c.
To determine:
The refined estimate of genetic variance originally shown in Fig. 22.5b using the information obtained in previous parts.
Introduction:
Phenotypic characters in an organism are combined effect of the genetic makeup as well as the environmental conditions around the organism. Change in environmental conditions around two genetically similar organisms changes the phenotypic characters of the organism to some extent.
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EBK GENETICS: FROM GENES TO GENOMES
- In rice, plants homozygous for the recessive allele sd1 are relatively short in stature; heterozygotes are of normal height. Plants carrying one copy of a dominant allele, Xa4 (corresponding to a second gene located on a different chromosome), are resistant to bacterial blight. Note that both the sd1 and Xa4 alleles would be considered "mutant" alleles in this scenario. A farmer obtained two pureline plants (one is homozygous for the sd1 mutant and the other is homozygous for the Xa4 mutant) and crossed them. Assume both pureline plants have identical alleles at all other loci, and no other mutant alleles are present in these two plants, which of these statements is correct? O All the progeny will be susceptible to bacterial blight and will be short. O When a progeny plant from the cross goes through meiosis, gametes will either contain sd1 or Xa4 alleles, but never both. O When a progeny plant from the cross goes through meiosis, four possible types of gametes that may form, and the…arrow_forwardWhen a chi square analysis is applied to solve a linkage problem,explain why an independent assortment hypothesis is proposed?arrow_forwardThe phenotypic data below are the shoot lengths of 25 F1 and 25 F2 rice plants atseedling stage, produced from the cross of IR29 and Hasawi rice varieties. The mean lengths of the shoot from IR29 and Hasawi are 23.1 cm and 46.7 cm, respectively. Tabulate and plot the frequency distributions of the F1 and F2 generations. From each distribution calculate the mean, the variance,and the standard error of the mean. What is the main difference between F1 and F2 distributions? Formulas needed:Range (R) = maximum – minimum (Use the same no. of decimal places as original data.)No. of phenotypic classes (K) = 1 + 3.3logn (Round up answer to an integer. Number may still be increased or decreased as needed.)n = total no. of valuesClass interval (CI) = R/K (Use the same no. of decimal places as original data.)arrow_forward
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- Mendel obtained his initial pea plant varieties from local breeders who were developing new varieties that might be useful or interesting. To generate these new varieties, breeders formed hybrids between existing varieties of different phenotypic characteristics by cross pollination, using techniques they doubtless taught to Mendel. After producing a hybrid, they allowed several generations of self-pollination, as happens naturally if the flowers are not disturbed. a. How many generations would it take for a breeder to have produced new pure-breeding varieties using this approach? i. First, consider just one heterozygous gene in the F1 hybrid. What is the probability that an individual of the F2 generation would be heterozygous for that gene? ii. What is the probability that an individual in the F3 generation would be heterozygous for this gene? iii. What is the probability that an individual in the F10 generation would be heterozygous for this gene? iv. What is the…arrow_forwardA test cross between a plant of genotype PpSs and the tester white plant with wrinkled seed coat (ppss) gives the following numbers of progeny in four phenotypic types. 14:87:83:16 (purple flower + smooth seed coat: purple flower + wrinkled seed coat: white flower + smooth seed coat: white flower + wrinkled seed coat). a. What is the expected ratio of progeny phenotypes assuming independent assortment of alleles? b. Explain how ratios of progeny show that the two genes are linked. c. How many map units separate the purple and smooth genes? Show your calculations. d. What is the “parental” genotype of the heterozygous parent? (i.e. Which alleles of the P and S loci are present on each of the two chromosomes of the doubly heterozygous parent of this test cross?)arrow_forwardWe think that dwarfism in river birch might be inherited as a single-locus, simple Mendelain trait. We have taken a pure breeding normal plant and crossed it with a a pure breeding dwarf plant. The resulting plants were self-pollinated with the following results: Normal River Birch 805 Dwarf River Birch 246 Perform a chi square analysis on this data using the following hypothesis: The mode of inheritance for plant height in the river birch is simple Mendelian. Calculate the chi square value without rounding and then round your final answer to three decimal digits and put it in the space provided.arrow_forward
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