Physical Science (12th Edition), Standalone Book
12th Edition
ISBN: 9781260150544
Author: Bill W. Tillery
Publisher: McGraw Hill Education
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Question
Chapter 21, Problem 37AC
To determine
The observation that sediments are commonly deposited in flat-lying layers is called from the given option:
principle of uniformity.
principle of superposition.
principle of original horizontality.
principle of crosscutting relationships.
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Chapter 21 Solutions
Physical Science (12th Edition), Standalone Book
Ch. 21 -
1. Evidence of former life is called...Ch. 21 -
2. In the early 1800s, William Smith noted that...Ch. 21 - Prob. 3ACCh. 21 -
4. The meaning of the word fossil is
a. petrified...Ch. 21 - Prob. 5ACCh. 21 - Prob. 6ACCh. 21 -
7. Fossils are most often found in what type...Ch. 21 - Prob. 8ACCh. 21 - Prob. 9ACCh. 21 - Prob. 10AC
Ch. 21 -
11. Distinctive fossils of plants or animals that...Ch. 21 - Prob. 12ACCh. 21 - Prob. 13ACCh. 21 - Prob. 14ACCh. 21 - Prob. 15ACCh. 21 - Prob. 16ACCh. 21 - Prob. 17ACCh. 21 - Prob. 18ACCh. 21 - Prob. 19ACCh. 21 - Prob. 20ACCh. 21 - Prob. 21ACCh. 21 - Prob. 22ACCh. 21 - Prob. 23ACCh. 21 - Prob. 24ACCh. 21 - Prob. 25ACCh. 21 -
26. Which of the basic guiding principles used to...Ch. 21 - Prob. 27ACCh. 21 - Prob. 28ACCh. 21 -
29. Correlation and relative dating of rock units...Ch. 21 - Prob. 30ACCh. 21 -
31. You would expect to find the least number of...Ch. 21 - Prob. 32ACCh. 21 - Prob. 33ACCh. 21 - Prob. 34ACCh. 21 -
35. An early record about the discovery of...Ch. 21 - Prob. 36ACCh. 21 - Prob. 37ACCh. 21 -
38. A geologic feature that cuts across or is...Ch. 21 - Prob. 39ACCh. 21 - Prob. 40ACCh. 21 - Prob. 41ACCh. 21 - Prob. 42ACCh. 21 - Prob. 43ACCh. 21 - Prob. 44ACCh. 21 - Prob. 45ACCh. 21 - Prob. 46ACCh. 21 -
1. What is the principle of uniformity? What are...Ch. 21 -
2. What is the geologic time scale? What is the...Ch. 21 -
3. Why does the rock record go back only 3.8...Ch. 21 -
4. Do igneous, metamorphic, or sedimentary rocks...Ch. 21 -
5. What major event marked the end of the...Ch. 21 -
6. Briefly describe the principles and...Ch. 21 - Prob. 7QFTCh. 21 -
8. Describe how the principles of superposition,...Ch. 21 - Prob. 9QFTCh. 21 - Prob. 10QFTCh. 21 -
11. Describe some of the things that fossils can...Ch. 21 -
1. Analyze the significant reasons that a pot...Ch. 21 - Prob. 2FFACh. 21 -
4. What are the significant differences between...Ch. 21 -
5. Summarize why the different blocks of time...Ch. 21 - Prob. 5FFACh. 21 -
6. The history of Earth has been one of many...Ch. 21 - Prob. 1PEACh. 21 - Prob. 2PEACh. 21 - Prob. 3PEACh. 21 - Prob. 4PEACh. 21 - Prob. 5PEACh. 21 - Prob. 6PEACh. 21 - Prob. 7PEACh. 21 - Prob. 8PEACh. 21 - Prob. 9PEACh. 21 - Prob. 10PEACh. 21 - Prob. 11PEACh. 21 - Prob. 12PEACh. 21 - Prob. 13PEACh. 21 - Prob. 14PEACh. 21 - Prob. 15PEACh. 21 -
1. A sequence of deep marine shale that spans the...Ch. 21 - Prob. 2PEBCh. 21 - Prob. 3PEBCh. 21 -
4. The absolute age of a rock is its age in...Ch. 21 -
5. The absolute age (age in years) of sedimentary...Ch. 21 -
6. A sequence of rocks consists of a flat-lying...Ch. 21 -
7. A student examining a roadcut excavated...Ch. 21 - 8. A cliff has the following sequence...Ch. 21 - Prob. 9PEBCh. 21 - Prob. 10PEBCh. 21 - Prob. 11PEBCh. 21 - Prob. 12PEBCh. 21 - Prob. 13PEBCh. 21 - Prob. 14PEBCh. 21 -
15. Two outcrops separated by a distance of 32 km...
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- How does sedimentary rock from the ocean floor sometimes end up in highland and mountainous regions on the Earth? (22.5) (a) Sedimentary rock is commonly made inside volcanoes. (b) Wind and water carry the sediment to the mountaintops. (c) It is believed that asteroid impacts probably caused the sedimentary rock to move great distances. (d) The sedimentary rock was uplifted by powerful forces to form mountain chains.arrow_forwardWhich metamorphic change is brought about primarily by heat? (22.6) (a) shear (b) contact (c) hydrothermal (d) regionalarrow_forward13. How deep in the crust is 10 kbar? Lithostatic pressure within the crusts results from the weight of the rocks above. Assume an average density of 2750 kg/m3. Use the equation P=p*g*h or P/(p *g)=h 23kPa/m P=pressure (e.g. kbar), p=density, g-gravity 9.8 m/s2, h= depth (m), 1 kbar=1,000 bars, 1 bar=100,000 Pa, 1 Pa=kg/(m*s2), 1 kbar =100,000,000 Pa, 1 km =1000 m. Give your answer in kilometers.arrow_forward
- 4) In a three-phase symmetrical fault, all the phases have the same fault current. (True, False)arrow_forward1. Answer the following questions about porosity and permeability: a) Name three (3) parameters which are involved in calculation of porosity. b) Name four geological mechanisms affecting porosity values. c) Describe effect of sorting on porosity.arrow_forwardRates of tectonic uplift can be determined from the age and elevation of stream terraces, flat-surfaced deposits of streambed sediment that represent ancient floodplains. By dating the age of the terraces and measuring the elevation of the terrace, the uplift rate is the difference in elevation of the terraces divided by the difference in ages of the terraces. A terrace at 164 m elevation is 101,000 years old while another terrace at 111 m is 24,800 years old. What is the ratearrow_forward
- A glacier is receding at a constant rate of 4.3 cm per day. After 35 years, by what approximate length has the glacier receded? 550 meters 1.5 meters 130 meters 55 kilometers 44 metersarrow_forwardA specimen of shale has a mass of 17.25 g dry and 22.24 g wet. The volume of the specimen is 12.15 cm3. What is the porosity of the shale?arrow_forwardWhich of the following is most responsible for the formation of new crust ar the edge of a tectonic plate? A. mountain building at a continent-continent convergent boundary B. magma rising up from the mantle at a divergent boundary С. two tectonic plates sliding past one another at a transform boundary D. subduction of one oceanic plate under another at a convergent boundaryarrow_forward
- 5. The "iceberg analogy" for the isostatic equilibrium of the continental crust turns out to be quite the relative density of icebergs versus seawater is close to the relative density of continental crust versus mantle. Glacial ice is about 15% less dense than seawater; likewise continental crust is about 15% less dense than the mantle. This leads to a simple rule that we can call the 1-to-8 rule: for every 1 unit of extra elevation for an iceberg or a mountain belt, there need to be 8 units of total thickness. These iceberg examples illustrate the idea: an iceberg 3 meters above sea level is 24 meters thick an iceberg 1 meter above sea level is 8 meters thick an iceberg 2 meters above sea level is 16 meters thick 3m 2m water level 1m >7m 14m 21m For the following questions, apply the 1-to-8 rule, assuming continental crust in isostatic equilibrium. a. Continental crust at sea level averages about 35 kilometers thick. (1 km = 0.6 miles.) Therefore, in general, how thick must the crust…arrow_forwardb. Under what condition is a material or a rock mass considered to: i. Have positive Poisson’s ratio ii. Have negative Poisson’s ratio iii. Possess planar discontinuity iv. Exhibit positive deformation v. Exhibit negative deformation?arrow_forward1arrow_forward
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