BIOLOGY
BIOLOGY
12th Edition
ISBN: 9781260169614
Author: Raven
Publisher: RENT MCG
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Chapter 21, Problem 3S
Summary Introduction

To draw:

The relationship between the beak depth of parents and offsprings in the Fig, 21.2 b “Evidence that natural selection alters beak shape in the medium ground finch, Geospiza fortis”, given that they have no genetic bases.

Introduction:

The phenotypic similarities seen between parents and offsprings are mostly because these traits are inheritable. However, this could be due to other external factors too like diet, habitat and more. Moreover, many a times the phenotypic traits of parents and offsprings could be dissimilar too.

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A naturalist is visiting an island in the middle of Lake Superior and observes a new bird species with three distinct types of beaks. Those with short crushing beaks (BB) feed on oak nuts; those with long delicate beaks (bb) pick the seeds from pine cones; and those with intermediate beaks (Bb) feed on both oak nuts and pine cones. (Note: because their beaks are structurally & functionally inadequate, few Bb offspring successfully reach adulthood). Let’s assume that this difference in beak morphology is the result of incomplete dominance in a single gene. In a year in which most of the food available on the island is in the form of hard oak nuts, which of the mated pairs below will produce the most offspring that will be able to survive to adulthood? Use Punnett squares to back up your answer. List all phenotypes and genotypes.   a.) Bb x Bb b.) Bb x bb c.) BB x Bb d.) BB x bb
Peter Boag, studied the inheritance of beak depth in Galapagos finches by looking at the relationship between parent beak depth (in mm) and that of their offspring.  He collected two sets of parent offspring data, once in 1976 and again in 1978.  For both years he followed birds to determine which pairs belonged to which nests. Most of the parents had been previously captured so their beak depths were known.  He then captured the offspring when they fledged and measured their beak depth.  He calculated the "midparent" beak depth (the average beak depth of the two parents) and then compared that to beak depth of their offspring. Here is what he found in 1976:   Assume that in 1978, all the finches with beak depths less than 9.0 mm died due to prolonged drought. Use your knowledge of how quantitative traits respond to selection and the following relationship, R = h2S, to determine the following: Selection differential.                                                 Predicted response…
Why is marbling higher in temperate breeds of cattle compared to breeds found in the tropics? Cite your References.
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