BIOLOGY
BIOLOGY
12th Edition
ISBN: 9781260169614
Author: Raven
Publisher: RENT MCG
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Chapter 21, Problem 3U

The evolution of modern horses (Equus) is best described as

a. the constant change and replacement of one species by another over time.

b. a complex history of lineages that changed over time, with many going extinct.

c. a simple history of lineages that have always resembled extant horses.

d. None of the choices is correct.

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You are reading a scientific paper regarding the relationships of the anatomical and behavioral characteristics of chimpanzees and their implications for early hominid evolution. With the emphasis on anatomical and behavioral characteristics, this implies that the researchers are relying on A. Traditional classifications of chimpanzees and humans B. Nonevolutionary classifications of chimpanzees and humans C. An incorrect classification of human ancestors D. Cladistic classifications of chimpanzees and humans
Cladistic principles suggest that: a. All apes are hominins. b. Outgroups can help to define natural groups by showing what is primitive, and hence, what is derived. c. Birds are crocodiles. d. Species boundaries are fuzzy. e. None of the above is correct.
All mammals have tailbones and muscles for moving a tail. Even humans have a reduced tailbone and remnant tail-twitching muscles, though these features have no apparent usefulness. These traits in humans would best be described as (a) convergent structures. (b) fossil evidence. (c) evidence from biogeography. (d) vestigial traits.
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