Campbell Essential Biology with Physiology (5th Edition)
5th Edition
ISBN: 9780321967671
Author: Eric J. Simon, Jean L. Dickey, Jane B. Reece, Kelly A. Hogan
Publisher: PEARSON
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Chapter 21, Problem 8SQ
Summary Introduction
Concept introduction: Alcohol consumption is injurious to health beyond the threshold level for the liver to detoxify the alcohol content in the blood. The nephrons in the kidneys reabsorb the water in order to maintain water homeostasis.
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In a healthy person, which substance(s) should NOT be found in urine in high levels? Choose all that apply.
a. Urea
b. Simple sugars
c. Proteins
d. Blood cells
e. Amino acids
f. Electrolytes such as salts
Which of the following is a function of the kidneys?
a. The kidneys remove harmful substances from the body.
b. The kidneys recapture water for use by the body.
c. The kidneys regulate the levels of salt in the blood.
d. All of the choices are correct.
When a substance is reabsorbed in the kidney that substance is:
A. Removed from the blood and put into the renal tubule
B. Removed from the renal tubule and put into the blood
C. Removed from the body via urine.
D. Both B & C
Chapter 21 Solutions
Campbell Essential Biology with Physiology (5th Edition)
Ch. 21 - Which is likely to be a more common cancer in an...Ch. 21 - Prob. 2SQCh. 21 - Prob. 3SQCh. 21 - Prob. 4SQCh. 21 - State whether each statement below is an example...Ch. 21 - While visiting a farm on a hot summer day, you see...Ch. 21 - Prob. 7SQCh. 21 - Prob. 8SQCh. 21 - What happens to most of the water that passes from...Ch. 21 - Explain the similarities between how your body...
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- The presence of ADH (antidiuretic hormone) causes an individualto excretea. sugars.b. less water.c. more water.d. Both a and c are correctarrow_forwardThe color of urine is determined mainly by a. diet b. filtration rate c. byproducts of red blood cell breakdown d. filtration efficiencyarrow_forward1. Functions of the Urinary System A. Kidneys regulate blood levels of several ions, most importantly (Na+), (K+), _(Ca2+), _(Cl-), and _(HPO42-). B. Kidneys regulate blood pH by secretion of and reabsorption of C. Kidneys regulate blood volume by conserving or eliminating D. Kidneys regulate blood pressure by secreting the enzyme which activates the RAA pathway that increases blood pressure. E. Kidneys help maintain a relatively constant blood osmolarity of F. Kidneys produce _mOsm/liter. (active vitamin D) and - the hormone that stimulates RBC production. G. Kidneys can use glutamine (amino acid) to synthesize H. Kidneys excrete wastes such as from deamination of amino acids, from catabolism of hemoglobin, from breakdown of creatine phosphate, and from catabolism of nucleic acids. 2. Matching: Kidney A. Superficial, light red region of the kidney – contains portions of the nephron such as the corpuscle and convoluted tubules. Renal hilum B. Deeper, dark reddish-brown region of the…arrow_forward
- 1. Functions of the Urinary System A. Kidneys regulate blood levels of several ions, most importantly . (Na+), _(K+), _(Ca2+), _(CI.), and _(HPO42-). B. Kidneys regulate blood pH by secretion of and reabsorption of C. Kidneys regulate blood volume by conserving or eliminating D. Kidneys regulate blood pressure by secreting the enzyme which activates the RAA pathway that increases blood pressure. E. Kidneys help maintain a relatively constant blood osmolarity of F. Kidneys produce mOsm/liter. (active vitamin D) and - the hormone that stimulates RBC production. G. Kidneys can use glutamine (amino acid) to synthesize H. Kidneys excrete wastes such as from deamination of amino acids, from catabolism of hemoglobin, from breakdown of creatine phosphate, and from catabolism of nucleic acids.arrow_forwardMark the following statements as true or false. If a statement is false, correct it to make a true statement. a. The thirst mechanism is mediated by osmoreceptors located in the cerebral cortex. b. The sensible water loss includes the water lost from the body via the skin and the respiratory system. c. The main hormone that regulates fluid balance is antidiuretic hormone (ADH). d. Atrial natriuretic peptide promotes water retention in the kidneys and increases the amount of water in the body. e. Dehydration is characterized by a decreased volume and increased osmolarity of the ECFarrow_forwardWhich of the following is TRUE concerning renal handling of potassium? a. A high potassium meal will cause enhanced basolateral uptake via sodium-potassium pumps b. Most potassium reabsorption occurs at the distal tubules c. Aldosterone enhances potassium reabsorption at the proximal tubule d. Potassium is not filtered, so urinary excretion of potassium will only occur by stimulating potassium secretion e. Decreased extracellular potassium concentration increases aldosterone production and thereby reduces potassium secretionarrow_forward
- Which of the following is TRUE about glucose reabsorption in the kidney? a.If an individual does not have diabetes mellitus, 100% of filtered glucose is reabsorbed at the proximal convoluted tubule. b.If an individual has diabetes mellitus, filtered glucose will be present in all the renal tubule. c.Glucose reabsorption along the proximal convoluted tubule uses the sodium glucose secondary active transporter and it is independent of insulin. d.All of the above e.None of the above asaparrow_forwardThe presence of a full bladder triggers the bladder to contract. As a little urine is released, this causes more contractions, which will completely empty the bladder. This is an example of: a. homeostatic regulation b. uroregulation c. negative feedbackd. positive feedback e. reverse feedbackarrow_forwardWhich of the following causes the kidney to conserve/retain sodium? a. aldosterone b. vasopressin c. oxytocin d. corticosterone Which of the following class of chemicals exerts its effects by entering cells, binding intracellular receptors, and affecting gene expression? a. Peptides b. Steroids c. Bioactive amines d. Amino acidsarrow_forward
- The urinary system participates in the body’s regulation of a. water levels.b. salt levels.c. blood pH.d. All of these are correct.arrow_forwardHigh levels of ammonium ions in the urine indicatea. a high level of H+ secretion into the urine.b. that the kidneys are causing blood pH to decrease.c. that urine pH is too basic.d. All of these are correct.arrow_forwardSome people advocate drinking one’s own urine, claiming significant health benefits. What problems do you see with this “alternative therapy”? Are there conditions under which this might be advisable?arrow_forward
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