BIOLOGY
5th Edition
ISBN: 9781264104680
Author: BROOKER
Publisher: MCG
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Chapter 21, Problem 9TY
Summary Introduction
Introduction:
Genome is defined as the complete genetic material that is present in an organism. It consists of the coding as well as the non-coding parts of DNA. The study of the genome on a large-scale is termed as genomics. Duplication of the gene plays a crucial role in the formation of a gene family.
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Which of the following is not true of a single nucleotide polymorphism?a. It is usually caused by a translocation mutation.b. It is usually caused by a nucleotide substitutionmutation.c. It may change the phenotype of an organism.d. It is inherited from parent to offspring.
With regard to gene duplications, which of the following statement(s) is/are correct?a. Gene duplications may be caused by nonallelic homologousrecombination.b. Large gene duplications are more likely to be harmful thansmaller ones.c. Gene duplications are responsible for creating gene familiesthat encode proteins with similar and specialized functions.d. All of the above statements are correct.
A researcher examines genes for several proteins that are quite similar in both structure and function. He is interested in determining whether the genes form a multigene family and in working out which of the proteins arose first evolutionarily. What would be the BEST approach to take to address this question? Be careful to look for the best approach; some other approaches could also provide useful information while being less definitive.
A.
The researcher should sequence the genes and compare their sequences. The most similar genes are likely the most closely related, while those that have more base differences probably diverged earlier.
B.
The researcher should examine the functions of the proteins. Those with the most similar functions are the most closely related.
C.
The researcher should induce mutations in the genes to see how these affect the function. The most mutations needed to cause changes in the function of the protein, the older the gene.
D.
The…
Chapter 21 Solutions
BIOLOGY
Ch. 21.1 - Prob. 1CSCh. 21.1 - Prob. 1CCCh. 21.1 - Prob. 2CCCh. 21.1 - Prob. 3CCCh. 21.2 - Prob. 1CCCh. 21.2 - Prob. 2CCCh. 21.2 - Prob. 3CCCh. 21.3 - Prob. 1EQCh. 21.3 - Prob. 2EQCh. 21.3 - Prob. 3EQ
Ch. 21.4 - Prob. 1CCCh. 21.4 - Prob. 1CSCh. 21.5 - Prob. 1CSCh. 21.5 - Repetitive Sequences and Transposable Elements...Ch. 21 - Prob. 1TYCh. 21 - DNA ligase is needed in a cloning experiment a. to...Ch. 21 - Prob. 3TYCh. 21 - Why is Taq polymerase used in PCR rather than...Ch. 21 - Lets suppose you want to clone a gene that has...Ch. 21 - In the CRISPR-Cas technology for editing genes,...Ch. 21 - Prob. 7TYCh. 21 - The enzyme that helps short segments of DNA move...Ch. 21 - Prob. 9TYCh. 21 - Which of the following was not a goal of the Human...Ch. 21 - Prob. 1CQCh. 21 - Briefly describe whether or not each of the...Ch. 21 - Prob. 3CQCh. 21 - Identify and discuss three important advances that...Ch. 21 - Prob. 2COQ
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- A researcher examines genes for several proteins that are quite similar in both structure and function. He is interested in determining whether the genes form a multigene family and in working out which of the proteins arose first evolutionarily. What would be the BEST approach to take to address this question? Be careful to look for the best approach; some other approaches could also provide useful information while being less definitive. A. The researcher should sequence the genes and compare their sequences. The most similar genes are likely the most closely related, while those that have more base differences probably diverged earlier. B. The researcher should examine the functions of the proteins. Those with the most similar functions are the most closely related. C. The researcher should induce mutations in the genes to see how these affect the function. The most mutations needed to cause changes in the function of the protein, the older the gene. D. The researcher should…arrow_forward1a) Why is it possible for you to study the eye colour gene by extracting cheek cells? a. Because the nucleus of every cell in the human body contains the same genetic information. b. Because the cheek cells are located near the cells of the eye and so they are able to exchange DNA. c. Because all genes in the human body are expressed at all times so it is easy to study them. d. All of the above are possible explanations. 1b) What is the purpose of heating the sample to 75°C following addition of the 0.2M NaOH solution? a. To denature the histone proteins that are keeping the DNA tightly coiled. b. To ensure that all the DNA is removed from the swab in preparation for PCR. c. To breakdown the cheek cell membrane to release the DNA from the cell. d. It breaks down the circular DNA down into linear fragments so that they will be easier to visualize.iarrow_forwardWhen comparing evolutionary similarities between different genes within a gene family, it is usually more straightforward to compare genes by using the protein sequences of gene products rather than DNA sequences of the genes themselves. Explain why this is the case. (Write 5 points)arrow_forward
- Environmental factors can influence the gene expression in some organisms. a. Describe how environmental factors can affect an organism's phenotype. b. Explain how light exposure can affect gene expression in organisms of the same species. Provide an example.arrow_forwardWhich of the following is true regarding the presence of a multigene family? A. Multigene families are produced by any sort of chromosomal rearrangement. B. Multigene families are produced whenever a transposon is inserted into a gene. C. Multigene families are produced by all types of mutation, including single base substitutions. D. Multigene families are produced by some mutations that involve duplication.arrow_forwardWhich of the following statements about genes is incorrect? Select one: O a. During fertilization, both the sperm and the ovum contribute genes to the resulting fertilized egg. b. Genetic differences can result from changes in the DNA called mutations. O c. Genes correspond to segments of DNA. d. Under normal circumstances, each chromosome contains precisely one gene. e. Many genes contain the information needed for cells to synthesize enzymes and other proteins.arrow_forward
- Which of the following statements about molecular markersare true?A. All molecular markers are segments of DNA that carryspecific genes.B. A molecular marker is a segment of DNA that is found at aspecific location in a genome.C. We can follow the transmission of a molecular marker byanalyzing the phenotype (i.e., the physical characteristics)of offspring.D. We can follow the transmission of molecular markers usingmolecular techniques such as gel electrophoresis.E. An STS is a molecular marker.arrow_forwardWhat type of database is OMIM? https://omim.org/ A.OMIM is an weekly editorial that presents information on new genetic disorders.B.OMIM is database of all genetic disorders linked to the Y-chromosome.C.OMIM is a podcast on herbal remedies that promotes good omens.D.OMIM is an online database that has information on human genes and genetic disordersarrow_forwardComparative genomicsa. is the application of computer technologies to the study of thegenome.b. is the study of the structure, function, and interaction of cellularproteins.c. can be used to understand human gene function by investigatinggenes in other species.d. involves studying all the genes that occur in a cell.e. is the study of a person’s complete genotype, or genetic profile.arrow_forward
- When using gene therapy to treat an hereditary disease, the idea is to: A. Introduce the correct gene into the patient's DNA B. Inject the patient with a specific protein to cure the disease. C. Blood transfusions from healthy individuals. D. ntroduce mRNA molecules with the correct genetic information to the patient. E. Introduce a virus to the patient that will specifically destroy mutated cells.arrow_forwardIn which of the following types of large-scale mutations would there be a loss of genetic information from a cell? a. translocation b. deletion c. inversion duplication e. both a. and b.arrow_forwardThe CRISPR-Cas9 system can be used to: a. sequence a genome in living cells b. edit a gene in living cells and organisms c. diagnose sickle-cell anemia d. identify a specific gene e. detect gene expression under different conditionsarrow_forward
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Genome Annotation, Sequence Conventions and Reading Frames; Author: Loren Launen;https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=MWvYgGyqVys;License: Standard Youtube License