Biology: The Dynamic Science (MindTap Course List)
4th Edition
ISBN: 9781305389892
Author: Peter J. Russell, Paul E. Hertz, Beverly McMillan
Publisher: Cengage Learning
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Chapter 21.4, Problem 3SB
Summary Introduction
To review:
The allele that causes sickle-cell anemia is rare in human populations that are native to northern Europe.
Introduction:
HbS (sickle hemoglobin) allele encodes for the defective hemoglobin in humans. HbS allele differs from normal allele (HbA) by one amino acid. In HbS/HbS homozygotes, alleles form faulty hemoglobin, in which RBCs (red blood cells) acquire a sickle shape. Individuals containing HbS/HbS homozygotes die due to sickle cell anemia before reproducing. HbA/HbS heterozygotes offer great resistance to malaria by not allowing the parasite to multiply inside the host cells.
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Chapter 21 Solutions
Biology: The Dynamic Science (MindTap Course List)
Ch. 21.1 - If a population of skunks includes some...Ch. 21.1 - Prob. 2SBCh. 21.1 - What factors contribute to phenotypic variation in...Ch. 21.2 - Prob. 1SBCh. 21.2 - Why is the Hardy-Weinberg principle considered a...Ch. 21.2 - Prob. 3SBCh. 21.3 - Which agents of microevolution tend to increase...Ch. 21.3 - Which mode of natural selection increases the...Ch. 21.3 - In what way is sexual selection like directional...Ch. 21.4 - How does the diploid condition protect harmful...
Ch. 21.4 - Prob. 2SBCh. 21.4 - Prob. 3SBCh. 21.5 - How can a biologist test whether a trait is...Ch. 21.5 - Why are most organisms adapted to the environments...Ch. 21 - The reason spontaneous mutations do not have an...Ch. 21 - The phenomenon in which chance events cause...Ch. 21 - Prob. 3TYKCh. 21 - Prob. 4TYKCh. 21 - Prob. 5TYKCh. 21 - Which of the following represents an example of...Ch. 21 - A population of mice is at HardyWeinberg...Ch. 21 - If the genotype frequencies in a population are...Ch. 21 - An Eastern European immigrant carrying the allele...Ch. 21 - If a storm kills many small sparrows in a...Ch. 21 - Prob. 11TYKCh. 21 - Discuss Concepts Many human diseases are caused by...Ch. 21 - Prob. 13TYKCh. 21 - Apply Evolutionary Thinking Captive breeding...Ch. 21 - Prob. 15TYKCh. 21 - Design an experiment to test the hypothesis that...Ch. 21 - Peter and Rosemary Grant of Princeton University...
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- If allele frequencies in the hemoglobin gene are influenced by sickle cell anemia on the one hand and by resistance to malaria on the other hand, what factors may cause a change in these allele frequencies over time?arrow_forwardWhat would happen to the frequency of heterozygous carriers of sickle-cell anemia (with AS genotype) if mosquitoes were completely wiped out in a large region?arrow_forwardWhy doesn't sickle cell anemia "prove" the existence of biological race?arrow_forward
- Do you think the allele for sickle cell anemia would be common in regions where malaria did not exist? Explain why or why not.arrow_forwardCan Mendelian genetics explain blood type? Why or why not?arrow_forwardHumans who are born homozygous for the recessive sickle cell allele die of sickle cell anemia, while those who are heterozygous are resistant to malaria. 5% of the population of the Congo are homozygous recessive for the sickle cell allele. What percentage of the population is resistant to malaria?arrow_forward
- For which reasons, early human geneticists were slow to accept Mendelian analysis?arrow_forwardWhich of the following is not true of the sickle-cell allele? a)it became an important genetic factor after slash-and-burn agriculture was introduced b)it became an important genetic factor after fields were cleared that put humans near mosquitos c)it became an important genetic factor approximately 2000 years ago d)it provides a reproductive advantage to heterozygotes e)only homozygous normals will survive thanks to this traitarrow_forwardWhy do recessive lethals persist in a population? Provide an example of a recessive lethal allele.arrow_forward
- What do you notice is similar about the distribution of the HERC2 variant for blue eyes and the F374 allele for lighter skin pigmentation? Based on what you know about skin color and human variation, what evolutionary circumstances might have caused this distribution of the blue-eye variant?arrow_forwardWhy might some light-skinned populations, such as the Japanese, be missing the F374 allele for lighter skin pigmentation?arrow_forwardLooking to the future, what changes to the frequency of the sickle-cell allele do you envision as most likely, and why? (In other words, do you envision it becoming more common or less common in human populations?) What factors (technology, climate change, etc) might be driving those changes?arrow_forward
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