Organic Chemistry (8th Edition)
8th Edition
ISBN: 9780134042282
Author: Paula Yurkanis Bruice
Publisher: PEARSON
expand_more
expand_more
format_list_bulleted
Videos
Textbook Question
Chapter 21.9, Problem 31P
Glutathione is a tripeptide whose function is to destroy harmful oxidizing agents in the body. Oxidizing agents are thought to be responsible for some of the effects of aging and to play a causative role in cancer.
Glutathione removes oxidizing agents by reducing them. In the process, glutathione is oxidized, resulting in the formation of a disulfide bond between two glutathione molecules. An enzyme subsequently reduces the disulfide bond, returning glutathione to its original condition so it can react with another oxidizing agent.
a. What amino acids make up glutathione?
b. What is unusual about glutathione’s structure? (If you cannot answer this question, draw the structure you would expect for the tripeptide and compare your structure with the actual structure.)
Expert Solution & Answer
Want to see the full answer?
Check out a sample textbook solution
Students have asked these similar questions
The brewing industry uses yeast microorganisms to convert glucose to ethanol for wine and beer. The baking industry uses the carbon dioxide produced to make bread rise:C₆H₁₂O₆(s)→2C₂H₅OH(l)2CO₂(g) with yeast as catalyst.How many grams of ethanol can be produced from 100. g of glu-cose? What volume of CO₂ is produced? (Assume 1 mol of gas occupies 22.4 L at the conditions used.)
Sodium nitrite, an antimicrobial additive, has been added to cured meat, hot dogs, ham and smoked fish for several years. Recently, however, the use of nitrites has been questioned because of concerns that they may cause stomach cancer. In the stomach, nitrites react with
hydrochloric acid to form nitrous acid. Nitrous acid then react with amines in the stomach to form the cancer causing compound ____________
Linolenic and linoleic acid contain _ and _ double bonds in their molecular structures?
a. 1,2
b. 2,1
c. 3,2
d. 2,3
e. 1,3
Chapter 21 Solutions
Organic Chemistry (8th Edition)
Ch. 21.1 - a. Explain why, when the imidazole ring of...Ch. 21.2 - a. Which isomer(R)-alanine or (S)-alanineis...Ch. 21.2 - Prob. 4PCh. 21.3 - Prob. 5PCh. 21.3 - Prob. 6PCh. 21.3 - Draw the predominant form for glutamate in a...Ch. 21.3 - a. Why is the pKa of the glutamate side chain...Ch. 21.4 - Calculate the pI of each of the following amino...Ch. 21.4 - a. Which amino acid has the lowest pI value? b....Ch. 21.4 - Prob. 12P
Ch. 21.4 - Prob. 13PCh. 21.4 - Explain why the pI of lysine is the average of the...Ch. 21.5 - What aldehyde is formed when valine is treated...Ch. 21.5 - Prob. 16PCh. 21.5 - Prob. 17PCh. 21.5 - Prob. 18PCh. 21.5 - Prob. 19PCh. 21.6 - Why is excess ammonia used in the preceding...Ch. 21.6 - Prob. 21PCh. 21.6 - What amino acid is formed using the...Ch. 21.6 - Prob. 23PCh. 21.6 - What amino acid is formed when the aldehyde used...Ch. 21.7 - Esterase is an enzyme that catalyzes the...Ch. 21.8 - Draw the tetrapeptide Ala-Thr-Asp-Asn and indicate...Ch. 21.8 - Draw the resonance contributors of the peptide...Ch. 21.8 - Which bonds in the backbone of a peptide can...Ch. 21.9 - An opioid pentapeptide has the following...Ch. 21.9 - What is the configuration about each of the...Ch. 21.9 - Glutathione is a tripeptide whose function is to...Ch. 21.10 - What dipeptides would be formed by heating a...Ch. 21.10 - Suppose you are trying to synthesize the dipeptide...Ch. 21.10 - Show the steps in the synthesis of the...Ch. 21.10 - a. Calculate the overall yield of bradykinin when...Ch. 21.11 - Show the steps in the synthesis of the...Ch. 21.13 - Prob. 37PCh. 21.13 - In determining the primary structure of insulin,...Ch. 21.13 - A decapeptide undergoes partial hydrolysis to give...Ch. 21.13 - Explain why cyanogen bromide does not cleave on...Ch. 21.13 - Indicate the peptides produced from cleavage by...Ch. 21.14 - Prob. 43PCh. 21.14 - Three peptides were obtained from a trypsin...Ch. 21.14 - Prob. 45PCh. 21.15 - How would a protein that resides in the nonpolar...Ch. 21.16 - a. Which would have the greatest percentage of...Ch. 21.17 - When apples that have been cut are exposed to...Ch. 21 - Glycine has pK2 values of 2.34 and 9.60. At what...Ch. 21 - Prob. 50PCh. 21 - A titration curve is a plot of the pH of a...Ch. 21 - Prob. 52PCh. 21 - Aspartame (its structure is on page 1007) has a pl...Ch. 21 - Draw the form of aspartate that predominates at...Ch. 21 - Show how phenylalanine can be prepared by...Ch. 21 - A professor was preparing a manuscript for...Ch. 21 - What aldehydes are formed when the following amino...Ch. 21 - Prob. 58PCh. 21 - Determine the amino acid sequence of a polypeptide...Ch. 21 - Prob. 60PCh. 21 - Prob. 61PCh. 21 - Which is the more effective buffer at...Ch. 21 - Identify the location and type of charge on the...Ch. 21 - Draw the product obtained when a lysine side chain...Ch. 21 - After the polypeptide shown below was treated with...Ch. 21 - Treatment of a polypeptide with 2-mercaptoethanol...Ch. 21 - Show how aspartame can be synthesized using DCCD.Ch. 21 - -Amino acids can be prepared by treating an...Ch. 21 - Reaction of a polypeptide with carboxypeptidase A...Ch. 21 - a. How many different octapeptides can be made...Ch. 21 - Glycine has pKa values of 2.3 and 9.6. Do you...Ch. 21 - A mixture of 15 amino acids gave the fingerprint...Ch. 21 - Write the mechanism for the reaction of an amino...Ch. 21 - Prob. 74PCh. 21 - Show how valine can be prepared by a. a...Ch. 21 - The primary structure of -endorphin, a peptide...Ch. 21 - A chemist wanted to test his hypothesis that the...Ch. 21 - Propose a mechanism for the rearrangement of the...Ch. 21 - A normal polypeptide and a mutant of the...Ch. 21 - Determine the amino acid sequence of a polypeptide...
Knowledge Booster
Learn more about
Need a deep-dive on the concept behind this application? Look no further. Learn more about this topic, chemistry and related others by exploring similar questions and additional content below.Similar questions
- Explain by equations how organophosphate pesticides can harm humans.arrow_forwardCatalytic cracking is an industrial process used to convert high-molecular-weight hydrocarbons to low-molecular-weight hydrocarbons. A petroleum company has a huge supply of heating oil stored as straight-chain C17H36, and demand has picked up for shorter chain hydrocarbons to be used in formulating gasoline. The company uses catalytic cracking to create the shorter chains necessary for gasoline. If they produce two molecules in the cracking, and 1-octene is one of them, what is the formula of the other molecule produced? As part of your answer, draw the condensed structural formula of the 1-octene.arrow_forwardDigitalis is a preparation made from the dried seeds and leaves of the purple foxglove, Digitalis purpurea, a plant native to southern and central Europe and cultivated in the United States. The preparation is a mixture of several active components, including digitalin. Digitalis is used in medicine to increase the force of myocardial contraction and as a conduction depressant to decrease heart rate (the heart pumps more forcefully but less often).arrow_forward
- When ethylamine, a weak base (Kb=4.3104) , reacts with formic acid, a weak acid (Ka=1.8104) , the following reaction takes place: CH3CH2NH2(aq)+HCOOH(aq)CH3CH2NH3+(aq)+HCOO(aq) Calculate K for this reaction.arrow_forwardEstradiol is a female hormone with the following structure: How many chiral carbon atoms are in estradiol?arrow_forwardLipoic acid is required by many microorganisms for proper growth. As a disulfide, it functions in the living system by catalyzing certain oxidation reactions and is reduced in the process. Write the structure of the reduction product.arrow_forward
arrow_back_ios
arrow_forward_ios
Recommended textbooks for you
Chemistry: An Atoms First ApproachChemistryISBN:9781305079243Author:Steven S. Zumdahl, Susan A. ZumdahlPublisher:Cengage Learning
ChemistryChemistryISBN:9781305957404Author:Steven S. Zumdahl, Susan A. Zumdahl, Donald J. DeCostePublisher:Cengage Learning
Organic ChemistryChemistryISBN:9781305580350Author:William H. Brown, Brent L. Iverson, Eric Anslyn, Christopher S. FootePublisher:Cengage Learning
General Chemistry - Standalone book (MindTap Cour...ChemistryISBN:9781305580343Author:Steven D. Gammon, Ebbing, Darrell Ebbing, Steven D., Darrell; Gammon, Darrell Ebbing; Steven D. Gammon, Darrell D.; Gammon, Ebbing; Steven D. Gammon; DarrellPublisher:Cengage Learning
Introductory Chemistry: An Active Learning Approa...ChemistryISBN:9781305079250Author:Mark S. Cracolice, Ed PetersPublisher:Cengage Learning
Chemistry: An Atoms First Approach
Chemistry
ISBN:9781305079243
Author:Steven S. Zumdahl, Susan A. Zumdahl
Publisher:Cengage Learning
Chemistry
Chemistry
ISBN:9781305957404
Author:Steven S. Zumdahl, Susan A. Zumdahl, Donald J. DeCoste
Publisher:Cengage Learning
Organic Chemistry
Chemistry
ISBN:9781305580350
Author:William H. Brown, Brent L. Iverson, Eric Anslyn, Christopher S. Foote
Publisher:Cengage Learning
General Chemistry - Standalone book (MindTap Cour...
Chemistry
ISBN:9781305580343
Author:Steven D. Gammon, Ebbing, Darrell Ebbing, Steven D., Darrell; Gammon, Darrell Ebbing; Steven D. Gammon, Darrell D.; Gammon, Ebbing; Steven D. Gammon; Darrell
Publisher:Cengage Learning
Introductory Chemistry: An Active Learning Approa...
Chemistry
ISBN:9781305079250
Author:Mark S. Cracolice, Ed Peters
Publisher:Cengage Learning
The Laws of Thermodynamics, Entropy, and Gibbs Free Energy; Author: Professor Dave Explains;https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=8N1BxHgsoOw;License: Standard YouTube License, CC-BY