Concepts of Genetics (11th Edition)
11th Edition
ISBN: 9780321948915
Author: William S. Klug, Michael R. Cummings, Charlotte A. Spencer, Michael A. Palladino
Publisher: PEARSON
expand_more
expand_more
format_list_bulleted
Textbook Question
Chapter 22, Problem 17PDQ
In 2013 the actress Angelina Jolie elected to have prophylactic double-mastectomy surgery to prevent breast cancer based on a positive test for mutation of the BRCA1 gene. What are some potential positive and negative consequences of this high-profile example of acting on the results of a genetic test?
Expert Solution & Answer
Want to see the full answer?
Check out a sample textbook solutionStudents have asked these similar questions
In 2013 the actress Angelina Jolie elected to have prophylactic double-mastectomy surgery to prevent breast cancer based on a positive test for mutation of the BRCA1 gene. What are some potential positive and negative consequences of this high-profile example of acting on the results of a genetic test?
Which of the following effectively describes the situation of someone with an inherited predisposition to cancer such as familial adenomatous polyposis or BRCA-associated familial breast cancer?
Choose all that apply
a) If they get malignant cancer, somatic mutations will not have been a factor
b) Their cancer will most likely arise in their germ cells, not their somatic cells
c) None of the answers effectively describes the situation
d) Every cell of their body contains a gain-of-function allele of an oncogene
e) Most cells in their body contain multiple cancer-causing mutations
f) Every cell of their body contains a defective, loss-of-function allele of a tumor suppressor gene
In a Cervical Cancer screening program, 500 asymptomatic women were examined using the Pap smear test. 200 of the women who truly had lesions were correctly classified; 14 with lesions were wrongly classified as negative. 253 women who had no lesions were correctly classified; 33 women with no lesions were wrongly reported as positive.
(A) Summarise the information provided in an appropirate table.
(B) Based on the information above, calculate the Sensitivity, Specificity, Positive and Negative Predictive Values of the Pap smear test.
Chapter 22 Solutions
Concepts of Genetics (11th Edition)
Ch. 22 - In order to vaccinate people against diseases by...Ch. 22 - Prob. 2NSTCh. 22 - Prob. 3NSTCh. 22 - Prob. 1CSCh. 22 - Prob. 2CSCh. 22 - Prob. 3CSCh. 22 -
HOW DO WE KNOW?
In this chapter, we focused on a...Ch. 22 -
Review the Chapter Concepts list on page 569....Ch. 22 - Prob. 3PDQCh. 22 - Why are most recombinant human proteins produced...
Ch. 22 - Prob. 5PDQCh. 22 - One of the major causes of sickness, death, and...Ch. 22 - Describe how the team from the J. Craig Venter...Ch. 22 - Prob. 8PDQCh. 22 - Prob. 9PDQCh. 22 - Prob. 10PDQCh. 22 - As genetic testing becomes widespread, medical...Ch. 22 - Prob. 12PDQCh. 22 - Prob. 13PDQCh. 22 - What is the main purpose of genome-wide...Ch. 22 - Prob. 15PDQCh. 22 - Dominant mutations can be categorized according to...Ch. 22 - In 2013 the actress Angelina Jolie elected to have...Ch. 22 - Prob. 18PDQCh. 22 - Should the FDA regulate direct-to-consumer genetic...Ch. 22 - Prob. 20ESPCh. 22 - Following the tragic shooting of 20 children at a...Ch. 22 - Private companies are offering personal DNA...Ch. 22 - Prob. 23ESPCh. 22 - Prob. 24ESPCh. 22 - Prob. 25ESPCh. 22 - Prob. 26ESP
Knowledge Booster
Learn more about
Need a deep-dive on the concept behind this application? Look no further. Learn more about this topic, biology and related others by exploring similar questions and additional content below.Similar questions
- Our understanding of the molecular biology of cancer formation has been greatly enhanced by studying oncogenic viruses. Answer the following questions regarding oncogenic retroviruses? Explain how a gain of function mutation in the Ras protein caused by a retrovirus might lead to cancer formation.arrow_forwardThe diosgenin drug (DSG) has been tested on human cholangiocarcinoma cells (bile duct cancer cells). To this aim, the human cholangiocarcinoma cell lines HuCCT1, QBC939, SK-ChA-1, HuH28, RBE, and Mz-ChA-1 have been subjected to different conditions of treatment with DSG, then assessed for their viability using a MTS assay, and their cell cycle progression using flow cytometry (FCM).Note: The MTS assay is based on the reduction of the MTS tetrazolium compound by viable cells to generate a colored formazan dye that is soluble in cell culture media. This conversion is thoughtto be carried out by NAD(P)H-dependent dehydrogenase enzymes in metabolically active cells.The formazan dye is quantified by measuring its absorbance at 490-500 nm. Question : To which kind of biological molecule does this DSG drug resemble? To which kind of properties do you expect for DSG?arrow_forwardGenetic tests that detect mutations in the BRCA1 and BRCA2 oncogenes are widely available. These tests reveal a number of mutations in these genes—mutations that have been linked to familial breast cancer. Assume that a young woman in a suspected breast cancer family takes the BRCA1 and BRCA2 genetic tests and receives negative results. That is, she does not test positive for the mutant alleles of BRCA1 or BRCA2. Can she consider herself free of risk for breast cancer?arrow_forward
- Breast Cancer Screening Program – A group of women were subjected to a breast cancer screening program. A newly developed screening test was utilized to measure its sensitivity and specificity against a gold standard test. a) What is the prevalence of breast cancer in this population? b) Calculate the Sensitivity of the test and provide interpretation c) Calculate the Specificity of the test and provide interpretationarrow_forwardCritically discuss the following statement: ‘The success of PARP inhibitor therapy in ovarian cancer has led to the development of novel synthetic lethal strategies targeting DNA damage response in solid tumours’. Include challenges of PARP inhibition therapy as well as future developments in your answer.arrow_forwardWhich of the examples of genetic testing below are prognostic tests? Which are diagnostic? (a) Individual sequencing (personal genomics) identifies a mutation associated with Alzheimer’s disease. (b) ASO testing determines that an individual is a carrier for the mutant b@globin allele (bS) found in sickle-cell anemia. (c) DNA sequencing of a breast tumor reveals mutations in the BRCA1 gene. (d) Genetic testing in a healthy teenager identifies an SNP correlated with autism. (e) An adult diagnosed with Asperger syndrome (AS) has a genetic test that reveals a SNP in the GABRB3 gene that is significantly more common in people with AS than the general population.arrow_forward
- The p53 protein was discovered through its association with SV40 T antigen and assumed initially to be an oncoprotein. a. What is the current consensus as the function of p53 and what evidence caused this change in view? b. How does the effect of mutation in the p53 gene differ from the effect of mutation in the RB gene what is the molecular basis for this difference ?arrow_forwardYou’re researching the effect of two drugs (Drug A and Drug B) on colon carcinoma cells in vitro. You begin by performing an assay to determine the effect of the drugs on cell viability and generate the data below in the graph below (A). With the aim of determining the mechanism of action of the drugs, you subsequently investigate levels of several key apoptotic proteins via SDS-PAGE and Western blot (B). To measure cytochrome C, you first separate the mitochondrial fragments from the cytosolic fragments and measure the levels of cytochrome C in each. You measure the remaining proteins using whole-cell lysates. B-Actin was included as a loading control. This data is represented on the right below. Part 1 Which drug is most likely inducing apoptosis? Explain your reasoning with referent to the cellular events that have taken place in response to the drugs, based on the data Part 2 Is it possible to determine from this data I the activation of apoptosis is occurring through the intrinsic…arrow_forwardOur understanding of the molecular biology of cancer formation has been greatly enhanced by studying oncogenic viruses. Answer the following questions regarding oncogenic retroviruses? What is an oncogene? How does if differ from a proto-oncogene? Why are retroviruses prone to accumulating oncogenes? Explain how a gain of function mutation in the Ras protein caused by a retrovirus might lead to cancer formationarrow_forward
- Skin cancer carries a lifetime risk nearly equal to that of allother cancers combined. Following is a graph [modified fromK. H. Kraemer (1997). Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. (USA) 94:11–14]depicting the age of onset of skin cancers in patients with orwithout XP, where the cumulative percentage of skin cancer is plotted against age. The non-XP curve is based on 29,757 cancerssurveyed by the National Cancer Institute, and the curverepresenting those with XP is based on 63 skin cancers from theXeroderma Pigmentosum Registry.arrow_forwardThe decision by some high-risk women to have their breasts removed to prevent the possibility of developing cancer could be a truly life-altering decision. At first glance, this decision could make sense for those women who are at elevated risk due to genetic or family history factors. Counter that with living in a society that seems to be moving toward even greater obsession with female breasts at earlier ages (e.g., breast implants for 16th birthdays!) Learn more about oncogenes and breast cancer.: What are the benefits of learning you have a gene that may lead to cancer? What are the disadvantages of receiving such knowledge?arrow_forwardWhat percentage of cells in an organ or a tissue need toexpress a therapeutic gene to alleviate the effects of agenetic disorder?arrow_forward
arrow_back_ios
SEE MORE QUESTIONS
arrow_forward_ios
Recommended textbooks for you
- Human Anatomy & Physiology (11th Edition)BiologyISBN:9780134580999Author:Elaine N. Marieb, Katja N. HoehnPublisher:PEARSONBiology 2eBiologyISBN:9781947172517Author:Matthew Douglas, Jung Choi, Mary Ann ClarkPublisher:OpenStaxAnatomy & PhysiologyBiologyISBN:9781259398629Author:McKinley, Michael P., O'loughlin, Valerie Dean, Bidle, Theresa StouterPublisher:Mcgraw Hill Education,
- Molecular Biology of the Cell (Sixth Edition)BiologyISBN:9780815344322Author:Bruce Alberts, Alexander D. Johnson, Julian Lewis, David Morgan, Martin Raff, Keith Roberts, Peter WalterPublisher:W. W. Norton & CompanyLaboratory Manual For Human Anatomy & PhysiologyBiologyISBN:9781260159363Author:Martin, Terry R., Prentice-craver, CynthiaPublisher:McGraw-Hill Publishing Co.Inquiry Into Life (16th Edition)BiologyISBN:9781260231700Author:Sylvia S. Mader, Michael WindelspechtPublisher:McGraw Hill Education
Human Anatomy & Physiology (11th Edition)
Biology
ISBN:9780134580999
Author:Elaine N. Marieb, Katja N. Hoehn
Publisher:PEARSON
Biology 2e
Biology
ISBN:9781947172517
Author:Matthew Douglas, Jung Choi, Mary Ann Clark
Publisher:OpenStax
Anatomy & Physiology
Biology
ISBN:9781259398629
Author:McKinley, Michael P., O'loughlin, Valerie Dean, Bidle, Theresa Stouter
Publisher:Mcgraw Hill Education,
Molecular Biology of the Cell (Sixth Edition)
Biology
ISBN:9780815344322
Author:Bruce Alberts, Alexander D. Johnson, Julian Lewis, David Morgan, Martin Raff, Keith Roberts, Peter Walter
Publisher:W. W. Norton & Company
Laboratory Manual For Human Anatomy & Physiology
Biology
ISBN:9781260159363
Author:Martin, Terry R., Prentice-craver, Cynthia
Publisher:McGraw-Hill Publishing Co.
Inquiry Into Life (16th Edition)
Biology
ISBN:9781260231700
Author:Sylvia S. Mader, Michael Windelspecht
Publisher:McGraw Hill Education
What are Mutations and what are the different types of Mutations?; Author: Science ABC;https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=I16YlE8qTBU;License: Standard youtube license