Concept explainers
(a)
Interpretation: The validation of the given statement that four hairpin loops are always present in a tRNA molecule has to be stated.
Concept introduction: 2-D structure of tRNA is “clover leaf” like, a shape produced by the molecule’s folding and twisting into regions of parallel strands and regions of hairpin loops.
(b)
Interpretation: The validation of the given statement that the anticodon site involves the hairpin loop opposite the open end has to be stated.
Concept introduction: 2-D structure of tRNA is “clover leaf” like, a shape produced by the molecule’s folding and twisting into regions of parallel strands and regions of hairpin loops.
(c)
Interpretation: The validation of the given statement that the amino acid attachment site involves the tRNAs
Concept introduction: 2-D structure of tRNA is “clover leaf” like, a shape produced by the molecule’s folding and twisting into regions of parallel strands and regions of hairpin loops. The
(d)
Interpretation: The validation of the given statement that the amino acid hydrogen bonds to its attachments site has to be stated.
Concept introduction: 2-D structure of tRNA is “clover leaf” like, a shape produced by the molecule’s folding and twisting into regions of parallel strands and regions of hairpin loops. The carboxyl group of the amino acid reacts with the
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- Suppose the following peptide chain was attached to a gly -tRNA during translation : met -leu-asp -glu-asn -cys gly - tRNA a. If the next incoming tRNA carries serine , where will serine be added to the growing polypeptide chain ? Write the new peptide chain. Label both ends of the peptide . b. Where in the ribosome are the peptide chains located ? 1. New chain 2. Old chainarrow_forwardExamine the following base sequence – 5’ UGA 3’. It represents the anticodon region of a particular tRNA. Based on this knowledge you know that a. This tRNA would be used to stop translation. b. This tRNA would carry the amino acid Serine to the ribosome. c. This tRNA would carry the amino acid Threonine to the ribosome. d. This tRNA would bind a TCA codon on DNA. e. This tRNA would not carry any amino acid to the ribosome. f. This tRNA would carry the amino acid Leucine to the ribosome.arrow_forwardThe tertiary structure of a tRNA is shown below. Using the various colored areas (i.e., red, yellow, green, blue) as a marker, identify the region where the anticodon is found and identify the amino acid binding site. Explain the importance of the tRNA as an adaptor during protein synthesis.arrow_forward
- In an amino acyl-tRNA, the amino acid is attached to the tRNA through a(n). acid and the CCA sequence at the bond between the group of an amino of a tRNA. А. Amide; Amino terminus; 5'-phosphate В. Ester; R-group; 3'-hydroxyl C: Ester; Carboxyl terminus; 5'-phosphate D. Ester; Carboxyl terminus; 3'-hydroxyl O E. Ether; Amino terminus; 3'-hydroxyl оarrow_forwardFor each of the following, identify the type of RNA involved (mRNA, rRNA, or tRNA). a. Transports the correct amino acid to the ribosome, using the information encoded in the mRNA. b. Is a major component of ribosomes. c. Specifies the order of amino acids in a protein, using a series of three-base codons, where different amino acids are specified by particular codons. d. Contains a three-base anticodon that pairs with a complementary codon revealed in the mRNA. e. Assists in making the bonds that link amino acids together to make a protein.arrow_forwardWhich of the following are elongation factors involved in the release of free tRNAs? a.EF-G b.EF-Ts c.EF-Tu d.EF-Parrow_forward
- Which of the following is true about tRNA? Select one: A. All tRNAs have a CCA sequence at the 3'-end. B. All tRNAs have a CCG sequence at the 5'-end. C. All tRNAs have a CAC sequence at the 3'-end. D. All tRNAs have a CCA sequence at the 5'-end. E. All tRNAs have a CCG sequence at the 3'-end.arrow_forwardWhich of the following is TRUE in translation? A. Amino acyl TRNA containing one amino acid is attached to the P site B. Amino acids/peptides attached to the amino acyl tRNA at the P site are transferred to amino acids at the A site, followed by translocation. C. Empty TRNAS are immediately released from the ribosomes D. The E site is always empty after translocation to receive incoming empty TRNAS. E. The anticodon binding to the codon is stringent, i.e. there must be complete complementary base-pairing between the bases in the codon and anticodon before translation can proceed.arrow_forwardHow does the cell ensure that a specific amino acid (say, valine) attaches itself only to the one tRNA molecule that is specific for valine? (A) Proteins called aminoacyl DNA synthetases are responsible for bringing together the proper pair. The enzymes match the amino acid and one of the correct DNA molecules carrying the right anticodon. (B) Lipids called aminoacyl tRNA synthetases are responsible for bringing together the proper pair. The lipid binds the amino acid and one of the correct tRNA molecules carrying the right codon. (C) Enzymes called aminoacyl tRNA synthetases are responsible for bringing together the proper pair. The enzymes match the amino acid and one of the correct tRNA molecules carrying the right anticodon. (D) Enzymes called peptidyl mRNA synthetases are responsible for bringing together the proper pair. The enzymes match the amino acid and one of the correct mRNA molecules carrying the right anticodon.arrow_forward
- 28. a. Can a tRNA exist that has the anticodon sequence 5' IAA? If so, which amino acid would it carry? b. Answer the same question for the anticodon sequence 5' xm³s²UAA. 29. For parts (a) and (b) of Problem 28, consider the DNA sequences of the genes encoding the tRNAs. (Assume both tRNAs exist even if that is not true.) What is the sequence of the RNA-like strand of each tRNA gene that corresponds to the tRNA's anticodon? What is the sequence of the template strand of each gene for these same three nucleotides? Be sure to indicate polarities.arrow_forwardThe covalent attachment of an amino acid to a tRNA is an endergonic reaction. In other words, it requires an input of energy for the reaction to proceed. Where does the energy come from to attach amino acids to tRNA molecules?arrow_forwardWhat is the primary difference betwee class I and class II aminoacyl-tRNA synthetases. a. Class I synthetases acylate the terminal 2’ hydroxyl group of tRNAs; Class II synthetases acylate the terminal 3’ hydroxyl group of tRNAs. b. Class I synthetases acylate the terminal 3’ hydroxyl group of tRNAs; Class II synthetases acylate the terminal 2’ hydroxyl group of tRNAs. c. Class I synthetases acylate tRNAs with hydrophobic amino acids; Class II synthetases acylate tRNAs with polar amino acids. d. Class I synthetases acylate tRNAs with polar amino acids; Class II synthetases acylate tRNAs with hydrophobic amino acids.arrow_forward
- Biology Today and Tomorrow without Physiology (Mi...BiologyISBN:9781305117396Author:Cecie Starr, Christine Evers, Lisa StarrPublisher:Cengage Learning