Concept explainers
Viewing Earth: Astronauts looking at Earth from a spacecraft can see only a portion of the surface. See figure 2.47. The fraction F of the surface of Earth that is visible at a height h, in kilometers, above the surface is given by the formula
Here R is the radius of Earth, about 6380 kilometers. (for comparison, 1 kilometer is about 0.62 mile, and the moon is about 380,000 kilometers from Earth.)
a. Make a graph of F versus h covering heights up to 100,000 kilometers.
b. A value of F equal to 0.25 means that 25%, or one-quarter, of Earth’s surface is visible. At what height is this fraction visible?
c. During one flight of a space shuttle, astronauts performed an extravehicular activity at a height of 280 kilometers. What fraction of the surface of Earth is visible at that height?
d. Is the graph of F concave up or concave down? Explain your answer in practical terms.
e. Determine the limiting value for F as the height h gets larger. Explain your answer in practical terms.
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