Concept explainers
A nitrogen atom, with three 2p electrons, could have three unpaired electrons
a. Determine the number of electrons that could be exchanged in each case and the Coulombicand exchange energies. Which state would be lower in energy?
b. A third possible state for a
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Inorganic Chemistry
- Consider a 2+ ion that has six 3d electrons; which ion is it? Which 2+ ion would have only three 3d electrons?arrow_forward6.95 A metallic sample is known to be barium, cesium, lithium, or silver. The electron binding energies for these metals are listed in the following table. Metal Electron Binding Energy(J) Barium 4.301019 Cesium 3.111019 Lithium 3.941019 Silver 7.591019 One way to identify the element might be through a photoelectric effect experiment. The experiment was performed three times, each time using a different laser as the light sources. The results are summarized below. (The Kinetic energy of the ejected photoelectrons was not measured.) Laser Wavelength Photoelectrons Seen? 532 nm No 488 nm Yes 308 nm Yes Based on this information, what conclusions can be drawn as to the identity of the metal?arrow_forwardLight is given off by a sodium- or mercury-containing streetlight when the atoms are excited. The light you see arises for which of the following reasons? (a) Electrons are moving from a given energy level to one of higher energy. (b) Electrons are being removed from the atom, thereby creating a metal cation. (c) Electrons are moving from a given energy level to one of lower energyarrow_forward
- What is the physical significance of the value of 2 at a particular point in an atomic orbital?arrow_forwardThe first-row transition metals from chromium through zinc all have some biologic function in the human body. How many unpaired electrons are present in each of these first-row transition metals in the ground state?arrow_forwardIonization energy is the energy required to remove an electron from an atom in the gas phase. The ionization energy of gold is 890.1 kJ/mol. Is light with a wavelength of 225 nm capable of ionizing a gold atom (removing an electron) in the gas phase? (l mol gold = 6.022 1023 atoms gold.)arrow_forward
- How many unpaired electrons are there in an atom of (a) phosphorus? (b) potassium? (c) plutonium (Pu)?arrow_forwardFor the following pairs of orbitals, indicate which is higher in energy in a many-electron atom. (a) 3s or 2P (b) 4s or 4d (c) 4f or 6s (d) 1s or 2sarrow_forward6.21 The electron binding energy fur copper metal is 7.181019J . Find the longest wavelength of light that could eject electrons from copper in a photoelectric effect experiment.arrow_forward
- Light Energy, and the Hydrogen Atom a Which has the greater wavelength, blue light or red light? b How do the frequencies of blue light and red light compare? c How does the energy of blue light compare with that of red light? d Does blue light have a greater speed than red light? e How does the energy of three photons from a blue light source compare with the energy of one photon of blue light from the same source? How does the energy of two photons corresponding to a wavelength of 451 nm (blue light) compare with the energy of three photons corresponding to a wavelength of 704 nm (red light)? f A hydrogen atom with an electron in its ground state interacts with a photon of light with a wavelength of 1.22 106 m. Could the electron make a transition from the ground state to a higher energy level? If it does make a transition, indicate which one. If no transition can occur, explain. g If you have one mole of hydrogen atoms with their electrons in the n = 1 level, what is the minimum number of photons you would need to interact with these atoms in order to have all of their electrons promoted to the n = 3 level? What wavelength of light would you need to perform this experiment?arrow_forwardWhich elements in a given period (horizontal row) of the periodic table lose electrons most easily? Why?arrow_forwardMake sense of the fact that metals tend to lose electrons and nonmetals tend to gain electrons.arrow_forward
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