Biology
5th Edition
ISBN: 9781260487947
Author: BROOKER
Publisher: MCG
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Chapter 22, Problem 8TY
Summary Introduction
Introduction: Proteins involved in performing many functions that are found in eukaryotic cells are known as actin. Actin plays an important role in muscle contraction and G-actin and F-actin are two forms in which it exists. The comparison of gene sequences in two species in order to find the common gene sequence is a technique of computational biology and is known as sequence homology.
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For eukaryote cells to evolve into new types of eukaryotic organisms, which of the following would one expect to occur? The correct answer is E
a) these cells have evolved because they have different DNA because of mutations
b) Their endoplasmic reticulum is synthesizing new and/or different proteins.
c) These specialized cells activate new genes to synthesize new proteins.
d) these organisms have new characteristics because they have acquired new genes.
e) all of these are true
A group of scientists was examining the amino acid sequence for the gene c-FLIP, which is present in most vertebrates. The image shows the amino acid sequence for a variety of different vertebrate species.
What conclusions would the scientists draw from this sequence?
A. This protein is a derived feature, evolving multiple times.
B. This protein is a primitive feature, present in basal vertebrates.
C. The sequence of this protein is nearly identical in lampreys and humans.
D. The sequence of this protein is not conserved between turkeys and chickens.
If a mutation in a homeotic gene produced the following phenotypes, would you expect it to be a loss-of-function or a gain-offunction mutation? Explain your answer.
A. An abdominal segment has antennae attached to it.
B. The most anterior abdominal segment resembles the most posterior thoracic segment.
C. The most anterior thoracic segment resembles the most posterior abdominal segment.
Chapter 22 Solutions
Biology
Ch. 22.1 - Prob. 1CCCh. 22.1 - Overview of Evolution Experimental Questions What...Ch. 22.1 - Overview of Evolution Experimental Questions...Ch. 22.1 - Overview of Evolution Experimental Questions...Ch. 22.2 - Prob. 1CSCh. 22.2 - Prob. 1CCCh. 22.2 - Prob. 2CCCh. 22.2 - Prob. 3CCCh. 22.3 - The Molecular Processes Concept Check: Why do...Ch. 22.3 - Prob. 1CS
Ch. 22.3 - Prob. 2CCCh. 22 - Prob. 1TYCh. 22 - Lamarcks vision of evolution differed from Darwins...Ch. 22 - Which of the following scientists influenced...Ch. 22 - Prob. 4TYCh. 22 - Vestigial structures are anatomical structures a....Ch. 22 - Which of the following is an example of a...Ch. 22 - Prob. 7TYCh. 22 - Prob. 8TYCh. 22 - Prob. 9TYCh. 22 - Prob. 10TYCh. 22 - Evolution that results in adaptation is rooted in...Ch. 22 - What is convergent evolution? How does it support...Ch. 22 - Prob. 3CQCh. 22 - Prob. 1COQCh. 22 - Prob. 2COQ
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- If you wanted to produce a fly larvae with two head ends, which of the following would you do? Group of answer choices A) Add functional bicoid protein to the head end of a wildtype larva B) Add functional bicoid protein to the tail end of a mutant larva C)Add functional bicoid protein to the tail end of a wildtype larva D)Add bicoid protein from a mutant fly to the tail end of a wildtype larvaarrow_forwardSuppose that a mutation resulted in a tapeworm that did not have hooks. Assuming this tapeworm was a human parasite, what is the most likely explanation of the effect might this have? The tapeworm would spread throughout the human body. The tapeworm would complete its entire life cycle inside the human host. The tapeworm would not remain in the digestive tract very long. The tapeworm would not be able to enter the human body. The tapeworm would reproduce more to compensate for a lack of hooks.arrow_forwardOther than obvious changes in protein-encoding Neanderthal genes, changes in what type of non-coding DNA sequences would affect cell function? A) Alu family of repeated sequences B) Short tandem repeats (STRs) C) Protein factors that regulate gene expression D) Short interspersed nuclear elements (SINEs)arrow_forward
- Like all eukaryotes, the protozoan Giardia has undergone lateral gene transfer as shown by the presence of the gene cpn60 in its nuclear genome. What does cpn60 do in Giardia? A. It has no known function. B. It codes for an essential transcription factor. C. It codes for a component of the electron transport chain. D. It codes for a molecular chaperone that aids in the folding of mitochondrial protein.arrow_forwardThe hypercycle model explains which of the following? A) How the evolutionary transition from prokaryotic to eukaryotic cells through acquisiton of membrane bound organelles. B) How viruses first originated alongside cellular life through a hyper replicating RNA lineage. C) How individual replicating molecules like RNA, DNA, and proteins entered a molecular mutualism and became encapsulated forming protocells. D) How cycles of heat and electricity experimentally lead to the formation of amino acids in the lab.arrow_forwardSuppose that the sequences of two proteins each consisting of 200 amino acids are aligned and that the percentage of identical residues has been calculated. How would you interpret each of the following results in regard to the possible divergence of the two proteins from a common ancestor? (a) 80% (b) 50% (c) 20% (d) 10%arrow_forward
- How does the regulation of gene expression support continued evolution of more complex organisms? a. Cells can become specialized within a multicellular organism. b. Organisms can conserve energy and resources. c. Cells grow larger to accommodate protein production. d. Both A and B.arrow_forwardA. What is the pathogen that is attacking bananas today?b. Why is this especially problematic in Africa? C. Why do we expect to lose the war with this pathogen?d. What is random mutagenesis?arrow_forwardWhy are fruit flies considered a model genetic organism? Would humans fit this description?arrow_forward
- The challenge in using sequence data to estimate the evolutionary tree for all living things is to find a gene that shows recognizable sequence similarities even between highly distantly related species . Which of the following should NOT be among the features of this gene? A. The gene subject to strong diversifying selection. B. It is present in all organisms. C. It encodes a product whose function is essential. D. The function of the gene must have remained the same in all organisms.arrow_forward1a) Why is it possible for you to study the eye colour gene by extracting cheek cells? a. Because the nucleus of every cell in the human body contains the same genetic information. b. Because the cheek cells are located near the cells of the eye and so they are able to exchange DNA. c. Because all genes in the human body are expressed at all times so it is easy to study them. d. All of the above are possible explanations. 1b) What is the purpose of heating the sample to 75°C following addition of the 0.2M NaOH solution? a. To denature the histone proteins that are keeping the DNA tightly coiled. b. To ensure that all the DNA is removed from the swab in preparation for PCR. c. To breakdown the cheek cell membrane to release the DNA from the cell. d. It breaks down the circular DNA down into linear fragments so that they will be easier to visualize.iarrow_forwardHomologous genesa. are derived from the same ancestral gene.b. are likely to carry out the same or similar functions.c. have similar DNA sequences.d. exhibit all of the above features.arrow_forward
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