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In the United States, the rare red wolf (Canis lupus) has been known to hybridize with coyotes (Canis latrans), which are much more numerous. Although red wolves and coyotes differ in terms of morphology, DNA, and behavior, genetic evidence suggests that living red wolf individuals are actually hybrids. Red wolves are designated as an endangered species and hence receive legal protection under the Endangered Species Act. Some people think that their endangered status should be withdrawn because the remaining red wolves are hybrids, not members of a “pure” species. Do you agree? Why or why not?
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Chapter 22 Solutions
Campbell Biology In Focus
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- Which of these is an example of a key innovation? A caterpillar of a butterfly species provides honey to an ant colony in order to receive protection and care. A founding population of honeycreepers evolves beaks capable of cracking the seed of a tree species in their new habitat. A new flower color morph arises in a plant population, but an associated pollinator does not distinguish flowers by color. Co-occurring diploid species of wheat and goatgrass hybridize to form a viable tetraploid offspring that can no longer breed with its parents.arrow_forwardLions and tigers are separate species. However, on rare occasions (especially in zoos) they have been known to mate and produce hybrid offspring (ligers & tigons!). Explain, with reference to the mechanisms of reproductive isolation, why they are separate species even though they can mate.arrow_forwardA population of interbreeding birds has been split by a geological event after which the isolated part of the population started to evolve into an incipient species with different mating rituals. Due to a recent environmental change the two populations are now able to potentially mate again in what is called a hybrid zone. Mating does take place every now and then but the hybrid offspring appear less able to survive. As a consequence, mating rituals start to diverge even further. We call this process of continued divergence? O Fusion O Behavioral isolation Reinforcement O Postzygotic isolation O Stabilityarrow_forward
- evolutionary trade of is when a trait is at an advantage in a context a) explain how the evolution of the different shades of color is an example b) what evidence can you use to support this ideaarrow_forwardDistinct species that are able to interbreed in nature are said to “hybridize,” and their offspring are called “hybrids.” The gray oak and the Gambel oak can mate to produce fertile hybrids in regions where they co-occur. However, the gene flow in nature is sufficiently limited that, overall, the two species remain phenotypically distinct. If the hybrid offspring survive well and reproduce to the extent that there is a large population of hybrid individuals that breed between themselves but do not interbreed with either of the two original parent species (the gray and the Gambel), which of the following would you say most likely led to the new hybrid species?(a) prezygotic reproductive barriers (b) sympatric speciation (c) allopatric speciation (d) postzygotic reproductive barriers (e) none of the abovearrow_forwardBio 101 Say a rare species of butterfly has two versions of color called blue (B) and white (b). You want to repopulate the species for the wild, but also breed and sell them. You find the blue butterflies are the most appealing to customers and want to breed them for the maximum profit. Blue is BB and Bb, while white is bb. State the percent change of getting blue butterflies from the following crosses: 5. Blue (BB) and White (bb) 6. Blue (Bb) and White (bb) 7. Blue (BB) and Blue (BB) 8. Blue (Bb) and Blue (Bb) Name: 9. White (bb) and White (bb)arrow_forward
- natural selection, why is maintaining genetic variation in populations such an important part of species being able to live through environmental changes? Include an examplearrow_forwardSome worms eat at night (meaning they are nocturnal) and some worms eat during the day (meaning they are diurnal.) Most birds eat only during the day, so they are only eating diurnal worms, due to the fact that the nocturnal worms are burrowing during this time. Each spring when the worms reproduce about 500 offspring are born but only 100 of them live long enough to reproduce themselves. Explain how natural selection will occur and include the 4 principals of natural selection.arrow_forwardThe red wolf (Canis rufus) was once widespread in the southeastern United States but was declared to be extinct in the wild. Biologists bred captive red wolf individuals and reintroduced them into areas of eastern North Carolina, where they are federally protected as endangered species. The current wild population is estimated to be about 100 individuals. However, a new threat to red wolves has arisen: hybridization with coyotes (Canis latrans), which have become more numerous in the areas inhabited by red wolves. Although red wolves and coyotes differ in morphology and DNA, they are capable of interbreeding and producing fertile offspring. Social behavior is the main reproductive barrier between the species and is more easily overcome when same-species mates are rare. For this reason, some people think that the endangered status of the red wolf should be withdrawn and resources should not be spent to protect what is not a “pure” species. Do you agree? Why or why not?arrow_forward
- A species is a group of individual organisms that interbreed and produce fertile, viable offspring. According to this definition, one species is distinguished from another when, in nature, it is not possible for matings between individuals from each species to produce fertile offspring. Evolution is an important mechanism in the formation of new species. The evolution of a new species requires several components including all, BUT A) Evolution of a new species requires a long time. B) Evolution of a new species requires the need for a genetic change. C) Evolution of a new species requires a separation that prevents interbreeding. D) Evolution of a new species requires mutations that produce new genetic traits. not graded use photoarrow_forwardInterspecific hybrids, if they survive, are (a) always sterile (b) always fertile (c) usually sterile (d) usually fertile (e) never sterilearrow_forwardWhat data would suggest that a species evolutionary history includes sexual selection as a mechanism that helped shape the species? If males and females are significantly different from each other (sexual dimporphism) If males and females form different social groups (i.e. herds are formed from either males or females but not both) If some males reproduce with multiple females while other males do not reproduce If males engage in "risky" behaviorarrow_forward
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