EBK CONCEPTS OF GENETICS
12th Edition
ISBN: 9780134818979
Author: Killian
Publisher: YUZU
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Textbook Question
Chapter 23, Problem 20ESP
In Arabidopsis, flower development is controlled by sets of homeotic genes. How many classes of these genes are there, and what structures are formed by their individual and combined expression?
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Can you solve all the parts to this question please
a) What is the role of the LEAFY gene in floral development?
(b) What is the phenotype of the leafy mutant?
(c) Most of the ABC program genes are directly regulated by the transcription factor LEAFY (LFY). Still, LFY is expressed broadly throughout the floral meristem when the discrete A, B, and C domains are established. Discuss how this single broadly expressed transcription factor can generate distinct domains of ABC gene expression. Feel free to use diagrams.
The ABCDE Model of flower development dictates the combination of
transcription factors require to initiate each whorl of a flower. Based
on the diagram below, what would happen if:
Carpels
and ovules
Sepal
Petal
Stamen
2
4
Whorl
A
Genes
E
25-40 The ABCDE model of floral organ determination in
Arabidopsis In addition to the A-, B-, and C-function genes of the
ABC model, this model includes two additional gene classes,
D and E. In the ABCDE model, class A + E genes specify sepals;
class A + B + E, petals; class B +C +E, stamens; class C + E, carpels;
and class C+ D + E, ovules.
1. Gene D was non-functional:
2. Gene E was non-functional:
3. Only Gene A was functional:
4. Gene B and E were non-functional:
5. Only Gene A and Gene E were functional:
Hint: If Gene A was non-functional the flower would have no
sepals or petals, it would be composed of only stamens and
carpels.
The floral homeotic genes of Arabidopsis belong to the MADS-box gene family, while in Drosophila, homeotic genes belong to the homeobox gene family. In both Arabidopsis and Drosophila, members of the Polycomb gene family control expression of these divergent homeotic genes. How do Polycomb genes control expression of two very different sets of homeotic genes?
Chapter 23 Solutions
EBK CONCEPTS OF GENETICS
Ch. 23 - Suppose you initiate a screen for maternal-effect...Ch. 23 - Prob. 2NSTCh. 23 - Prob. 1CSCh. 23 - Prob. 2CSCh. 23 - Prob. 1PDQCh. 23 - Prob. 2PDQCh. 23 - Prob. 3PDQCh. 23 - Nuclei from almost any source may be injected into...Ch. 23 - Distinguish between the syncytial blastoderm stage...Ch. 23 - Prob. 6PDQ
Ch. 23 - Prob. 7PDQCh. 23 - List the main classes of zygotic genes. What is...Ch. 23 - Experiments have shown that any nuclei placed in...Ch. 23 - Prob. 10PDQCh. 23 - Prob. 11PDQCh. 23 - Prob. 12PDQCh. 23 - Prob. 13PDQCh. 23 - Prob. 14PDQCh. 23 - Prob. 15PDQCh. 23 - Prob. 16PDQCh. 23 - Prob. 17PDQCh. 23 - A number of genes that control expression of Hox...Ch. 23 - The apterous gene in Drosophila encodes a protein...Ch. 23 - In Arabidopsis, flower development is controlled...Ch. 23 - Prob. 21ESPCh. 23 - Prob. 22ESPCh. 23 - Much of what we know about gene interactions in...Ch. 23 - Dominguez et al. (2004) suggest that by studying...
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- What will be the flower structure of a plant in which expression of the following genes is inhibited in the specified whorls? Q. Expression of class B genes is inhibited in the second whorl, but not inthe third whorl.arrow_forwardIn plants, floral organs develop from concentric rings of tissue called whorls. Beginning from the most outside ring, whorl 1 develops into sepals, whorl 2 develops into petals, whorl 3 develops into stamens, and whorl 4 develops into carpels. Analogous to the homeotic mutants of Drosophila, recessive mutations were found in genes that encode transcription factors. These mutants change the organ identity of a given whorl to the identity of a different whorl. The following table shows the mutant phenotypes caused by various floral organ mutations found in the genetic model plant, Arabidopsis. Genotype wild-type ap2 lap2 ap3 lap3 ag lag sepals carpels sepals sepals whorls 2 and 3 whorls 3 and 4 whorls 1 and 2 whorls 2 and 4 All four whorls 1 petals stamens sepals petals Based on the table above, which whorls require a functional AG gene. 2 Whorl stamens stamens carpels petals 3 carpels carpels carpels sepals 4arrow_forwardYou conduct an experiment to study the expression of the S protein through the tissues of your favorite plant (Arabidopsis thaliana). The morning of the experiment you inject in the leaves a messenger RNA that codes for the synthesis of a single protein made of two parts that are attached to each other: the functional S protein and a red fluorescent protein tag (RFP). You perform two cross sections of the same root, one section at the start of the experiment (time = Oh; corresponding to the time of injection) and one section in the afternoon (time = 8h). Through fluorescent microscopy you observe a change in the coloration inside the cells of the root's central tissues (as indicated by the arrows): from no coloration (time = Oh) to red (time = 8h). • The cells of the central tissues in the roots do not have nuclei or ribosomes. How can you explain this change of coloration? Please provide a cellular feature that can lead to this. • What is one advantage of using an RFP-tag in an mRNA?…arrow_forward
- How does an undifferentiated plant cell “know” what type of cell to differentiate into (what are the two broad cues a plant uses to determine a cell's fate)?arrow_forward1) In the plant Salvia, two genes determine the inheritance of flower colour. For one gene, P is the allele for purple colour and p for pink. However, at least one dominant allele at the other locus is required for the colour to be expressed, Plants with the genotype aa have white flowers. Write down all possible genotypes for a) purple flowered b) pink flowered c) white flowers d) which gene, A/a or P/p is the epistatic gene and which is the hypostatic gene? e) What type of epistasis is this?arrow_forwardYou isolate a glp-1 mutation of C. elegans and discoverthat the DNA region encoding the spatial control region(SCR) has been deleted. What will the GLP-1 protein expression pattern be in a four-cell embryo in mutant heterozygotes? In mutant homozygotes?arrow_forward
- You isolate a glp-1 mutation of C. elegans and discover that the DNA region encoding the spatial control region (SCR) has been deleted. What will the GLP-1 protein expression pattern be in a four-cell embryo in mutant heterozygotes? In mutant homozygotes?arrow_forwardAnthocyanin is a pigment that gives flowers and leaves purple colors. The M gene codes for a transcription factor (Myb) that promotes expression of an enzyme that produces anthocyanin. The W gene codes for a different enzyme (Chs) that allows anthocyanin to be deposited in plant leaves and flowers. The dominant phenotype is the production of functional Myb and Chs. 1) Plants that have the mm genotype do not show any purple color. What is the best explanation for why this is? a) Anthocyanin cannot be deposited into the flowers and leaves b) Anthocyanin is not produced in the plant cells c) The M gene is codominant to the W gene d) The M gene is epistatic to the W gene 2)Assume a plant has the genotype MMww. Would this plant have any purple flowers? a) Yes b) Noarrow_forwardAs shown in Figure 13-26, the Sonic hedgehog gene is expressed in many places in a developing chicken. Is theidentical Sonic hedgehog protein expressed in each tissue? If so, how do the tissues develop into different structures? If not, how are different Sonic hedgehog proteinsproduced?arrow_forward
- In flies, the gap gene kruppel is expressed in a broad band in the middle of the embryo with giant expressed as its anterior border and knirps at its posterior border. How is the expression of kruppel limited to this band in the embryo? Describe the spatial regulation of the kruppel gene.arrow_forwardIn wheat, aleurone cells form a thin layer of the seed coat that is critical to early gene expression in plant development. The color of this layer of cells is controlled by two alleles of a gene [colored aleurone (R) is dominant to colorless (r)]. A second gene is known to control the color of leaf tips [green leaf tip (G) is dominant to yellow (g)]. Two plants, each heterozygous for both characteristics, are test crossed to homozygous recessives, and their progeny are combined to produce the following totals: colored green 102 colored yellow 98 colorless green 103 colorless yellow 97 a) Use chi-square analysis to test these data for an independent assortment of the two characteristics (table provided). Please show work, how your expected values are calculated, and explain what your results indicate about the data. b) You decide to be cautious in your analysis, and decide to analyze the progeny from each of the crosses individually (instead of adding them together as shown above).…arrow_forwardWhat is the S-gene and what role does it play in plants? Be specificarrow_forward
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