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(a)
To determine: The meaning of maternal effect genes.
Introduction: Development of an organism at the cellular level is marked by the process of specification, differentiation, and development. Various genes are involved in the proper development of an embryo.
(b)
To determine: The period of development of gene products of maternal effect genes and their location.
Introduction: The development in Drosophila is maintained by the zygotic genes and maternal effect genes. Maternal effect genes regulate the early embryonic development in an organism.
(c)
To determine: The aspects of development that are controlled by maternal effect genes.
Introduction: As mentioned in the concept introduction part (b).
(d)
To determine: The
Introduction: Maternal effect genes are activated after the process of fertilization. These control the axis and polarity of an embryo.
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Chapter 23 Solutions
EBK CONCEPTS OF GENETICS
- Discuss the role of homeotic genes in development. Explain what happens to the phenotype of a fruit fly when a gain-of-function mutation in a homeotic gene causes the protein to be expressed in an abnormal region of the embryo. What are the consequences of a loss-of-function mutation in such a gene?arrow_forwardAt which stage of development does the Id protein function? Why is its function important?arrow_forwardWhat are some master genes important in embryonic development?arrow_forward
- Zygote Embryo Muscle cells Intestinal cells Liver cells Blood cells Nerve cell Cardiac cells (1) Specialization occurs, resulting in the formation of a great variety of cell types. (2) Genes are inserted into the zygote to allow for the formation of different cell types. (3) The expression of genes responsible for the different cell types is controlled by the placenta. (4) The genetic information in the zygote is divided to produce a complete set for each cell typearrow_forwardThe anterior–posterior axis of a Drosophila embryo is first established by certain (a) homeotic genes (b) maternal effect genes (c) segmentation genes (d) proto-oncogenes (e) pair–rule genesarrow_forwardWhat causes most of the phenotypic abnormalities in someone with Down's Syndrome? A) They have many gene mutations that produce nonfunctional proteins. B) They express too much of some proteins during development. C) Their cells cannot go through mitosis properly during development because they have an odd number of chromosomes. D) Their chromosomes cannot pair during meiosis.arrow_forward
- If an AaBbCcdd male mates with an AaBbCCDd female: A) What is the minimum number of ridge-producing genes possible in one of their children? B) What would the be the TRC for this child if it is a male? C) If this child is a male, will he have a higher or lower TRC than the parent with the lower ridge count?arrow_forwardGive examples of genes that affect development in fruit flies by regulating gene expression at the level of (a) transcription and (b) translation.arrow_forwardGradients of morphogens can be preestablished in the oocyte. Also, later in development, morphogens can be secreted from cells. How are these two processes similar and different?arrow_forward
- At which stage of development does XCI initially occur?arrow_forwardWhat is true of the Progress Zone model? a) the length of time a cell resides in the progress zone dictates its identity along the proximodistal axis b) it is consistent with the outcome of removing the AER at successively later stages of limb development c) once a cell leaves the progress zone, its identity is established along the proximodistal axis d) cells of the progress zone are stimulated to divide by the AER e) all of the above You isolate a new mutant chicken strain in which limb outgrowth is severely curtailed. Limbdevelopment begins and the AER initially forms, but the AER then degenerates and subsequent development of the limb is aborted. Which of the following is a possible explanation for the AER phenotype? a) the mutant gene may function cell autonomously in the AER b) the mutant gene may function cell-nonautonomously in the limb bud mesenchyme c) the mutant gene may interfere with the feedback loop between the mesenchyme and AER d) all of the abovearrow_forwardFor genes that control pathways of development, loss-of-function mutations are usually recessive whereas gainof-function mutations are usually dominant. Can you suggest a reason why?arrow_forward
- Biology (MindTap Course List)BiologyISBN:9781337392938Author:Eldra Solomon, Charles Martin, Diana W. Martin, Linda R. BergPublisher:Cengage LearningBiology 2eBiologyISBN:9781947172517Author:Matthew Douglas, Jung Choi, Mary Ann ClarkPublisher:OpenStax
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