Interpretation: The reason as to why the equilibrium mixture of pentane-2, 4-dione tautomers contains
acetoacetate tautomers contains only
Concept introduction:.Tautomers are isomers which differ only in the position of the hydrogen and electrons of the electronegative atom, generally oxygen. There is no change in the carbon skeleton of the compound. This phenomenon which involves simple proton transfer in an intramolecular fashion is known as tautomerism.The very common example of tautomerism is Keto-enol tautomerism. It can be acid or base catalysed.
The very common example of tautomerism is Keto-enol tautomerism. It can be acid or base catalyzed.
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Chapter 23 Solutions
ORGANIC CHEMISTRY
- Ethyl butyrate, CH3CH2CH2CO2CH2CH3, is an artificial fruit flavor commonly used in the food industry for such flavors as orange and pineapple. Its fragrance and taste are often associated with fresh orange juice, and thus it is most commonly used as orange flavoring.It can be produced by the reaction of butanoic acid with ethanol in the presence of an acid catalyst (H+): CH3CH2CH2CO2H(l)+CH2CH3OH(l)H+⟶CH3CH2CH2CO2CH2CH3(l)+H2O(l) a) Given 7.70 g of butanoic acid and excess ethanol, how many grams of ethyl butyrate would be synthesized, assuming a complete 100% yield? b) A chemist ran the reaction and obtained 5.25 g of ethyl butyrate. What was the percent yield? c) The chemist discovers a more efficient catalyst that can produce ethyl butyrate with a 78.0% yield. How many grams would be produced from 7.70 g of butanoic acid and excess ethanol?arrow_forwardEthyl butyrate, CH3CH2CH2CO2CH2CH3, is an artificial fruit flavor commonly used in the food industry for such flavors as orange and pineapple. Its fragrance and taste are often associated with fresh orange juice, and thus it is most commonly used as orange flavoring.It can be produced by the reaction of butanoic acid with ethanol in the presence of an acid catalyst (H+): CH3CH2CH2CO2H(l)+CH2CH3OH(l)H+⟶CH3CH2CH2CO2CH2CH3(l)+H2O(l). The chemist discovers a more efficient catalyst that can produce ethyl butyrate with a 78.0% yield. How many grams would be produced from 8.50 gof butanoic acid and excess ethanol? Express your answer in grams to three significant figures.arrow_forwardEthyl butyrate, CH3CH2CH2CO2CH2CH3, is an artificial fruit flavor commonly used in the food industry for such flavors as orange and pineapple. Its fragrance and taste are often associated with fresh orange juice, and thus it is most commonly used as orange flavoring.It can be produced by the reaction of butanoic acid with ethanol in the presence of an acid catalyst (H+): CH3CH2CH2CO2H(l)+CH2CH3OH(l)H+⟶CH3CH2CH2CO2CH2CH3(l)+H2O(l) Given 8.50 g of butanoic acid and excess ethanol, how many grams of ethyl butyrate would be synthesized, assuming a complete 100%yield? Express your answer in grams to three significant figures.arrow_forward
- Ethyl acetate Ethyl benzoate Ethyl butanoate Ethyl cinnamate Ethyl decanoate Ester Odours of Various Esters Odour Glue/fruit Fruit Pineapple/roses (peach) Honey, peach Grape Rum Pineapple, banana Ethyl formiate Ethyl hexanoate Ethyl isobutanoate Apple Ethyl isopropionate Apple Ethyl isovalerate Apple Ethyl phenylacetate Honey Ethyl propionate Strawberry Ethyl salicylate Methyl acetate Methyl anthranilate Methyl benzoate Methyl butanoate Methyl heptanoate Methyl isobutanoate Methyl isopropionate Methyl phenylacetate Wintergreen (mint) Berries Grape Fruit Apple, banana Berries, iris Apple, pineapple, apricot Apple Honey, jasmine Berries, rum Wintergreen (mint) Methyl propionate Methyl salicylate Pentyl acetate Banana, pear (honey) Pentyl butanoate Apricot Octyl acetate Orange Isopentyl acetate Banana Benzyl acetate Jasmine Butyl butanoate Pineapple Isobutyl acetate Isobutyl propionate Isopentyl propionate Isopentyl acetate Raspberry Rum Pineapple Orangearrow_forwardEsterification of Carboxylic Acids Provide the reactions (chemical equations) on esterification of the following acids: Ethanoic acid Butanoic acid Benzoic acid Acetic acid + methanol Acetic acid + ethanol Salicylic acid + methanol Acetic acid + benzyl alcoholarrow_forwardWhen trichloroacetaldehyde is dissolved in water, almost all of it is converted to the hydrate. Chloral hydrate, the product of the reaction, is a sedative that can be lethal. A cocktail laced with it is known—in detective novels,at least—as a “Mickey Finn.” Explain why an aqueous solution of trichloroacetaldehyde is almost all hydrate.arrow_forward
- The following molecule belongs to a class of compounds called enediols; each carbon of the double bond carries an OH group. Draw structural formulas for the -hydroxyketone and the -hydroxyaldehyde with which this enediol is in equilibrium.arrow_forwardAldehydes and ketones react with one molecule of an alcohol to form compounds called hemiacetals, in which there is one hydroxyl group and one ether-like group. Reaction of a hemiacetal with a second molecule of alcohol gives an acetal and a molecule of water. We study this reaction in Chapter 16. Draw structural formulas for the hemiacetal and acetal formed from these reagents. The stoichiometry of each reaction is given in the problem.arrow_forwardAcetals are formed from the reaction of two alcohols with a carbonyl under acidic conditions. Acetal formation is faster with 1,2-ethanediol than with two methanol molecules. Choose the factor that explains the difference in reaction rates. A) The reaction with 1,2-ethanediol has a lower AH (enthalpy) of reaction. B) The reaction with 1,2-ethanediol has a higher AH (enthalpy) of reaction. C) The reaction with 1,2-ethanediol has a more favorable entropy of reaction.arrow_forward
- Dibenzalpropanone is a compound that can absorb UV rays and can be used as a sunscreen. Write down the reagents used to synthesize the compound dibenzalpropanone.arrow_forwardPhenylethanol can be oxidised to phenylethanal or phenylethanoic acid, depending on the reagents used (both the alcohol and the aldehyde are of interest for their antimicrobial properties, while the acid is used to treat type II hyperammonemia): A (a) (b) (c) CoH,CH,CHO phenylethanal B C6H5CH₂CH₂OHC₂H₂CH₂CO₂H phenylethanol Suggest reagents (shown as A and B in the scheme above) that could be used to carry out the oxidation of the alcohol to the aldehyde and the acid, respectively. C6H5CH₂- Suggest two other syntheses of phenylethanoic acid, in each case indicating the starting materials and other reagents required, but not giving details of mechanism. One of your proposed syntheses must start with a compound which only contains seven carbon atoms (the acid product contains eight carbon atoms). phenylethanoic acid Phenylethanal can be converted to a hydrate in the presence of aqueous acid, though the position of equilibrium is very far to the left: H H+/H₂O OH C6H5CH₂-C-H OH Explain why…arrow_forwardThe result of the condensation reaction of aldehydes with phenols is: A) Arylmethane (auric) dye B) Indophenol dye C) azo dye D) Substituted benzophenonearrow_forward
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