Concept explainers
(a)
Interpretation: Two different halo ketones that can form A by an intramolecular alkylation reaction is to be drawn.
Concept introduction: Alkylation of
Lithium diisopropylamide (LDA) is a sterically hindered strong base. In an unsymmetrical ketone, it abstracts hydrogen from least substituted carbon to form kinetic product.
(b)
Interpretation: The synthesis of compound A from acetoacetic ester is to be devised.
Concept introduction: Alkylation of aldehydes and ketones takes place in the presence of a strong base. The use of appropriate base, solvent and temperature can yield one major product regioselectively.
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Chapter 23 Solutions
ORGANIC CHEMISTRY
- Complete the following reactions: a. b. c.CH3SSCH2CH3+2(H)arrow_forward(a) Draw two different enol tautomers of 2-methylcyclohexanone. (b) Draw two constitutional isomers that are not tautomers, but contain a C=C and an OH group. 2-methylcyclohexanonearrow_forwardExplain the Synthesizing an Ether by a Two-Step Reaction Sequence ?arrow_forward
- Explain nucleophilic substitution to form an aldehyde ?arrow_forwardIdentify the acetal carbons in A, and draw the products formed by hydrolysis of A with aqueous acid.arrow_forwardWhy is it not advisable to use aqueous hydrochloric acid in a Grignard reaction of a ketone? A) The Grignard reagent will react with the acid and cannot react with the ketone. B) The ketone will be protonated and will become unreactive. C) The ketone will form an unreactive enol. D) The Grignard reagent won't dissolve in aqueous solutionsarrow_forward
- 5) Draw the enols available to compounds A-D. Explain why A is 100% enolized but B, C, and D are 100% ketone. B Darrow_forward4) Give an example of an enol which would tautomerize into a) an aldehyde and b) a ketone.arrow_forward1,2-Diols are converted to carbonyl compounds when treated with strong acids, in a reaction called the pinacol rearrangement. (a) Draw a stepwise mechanism for this reaction. (Hint: The reaction proceeds by way of carbocation intermediates.) (b) Assuming that the pinacol rearrangement occurs via the more stable carbocation, draw the rearrangement product formed from diol D.arrow_forward
- Draw the organic products formed when attached allylic alcohol A is treated with following reagent. [1] PBr3; [2] LiAlH4; [3] H2Oarrow_forwardEthyl butyrate, CH3CH2CH2CO2CH2CH3CH3CH2CH2CO2CH2CH3, is an artificial fruit flavor commonly used in the food industry for such flavors as orange and pineapple. Its fragrance and taste are often associated with fresh orange juice, and thus it is most commonly used as orange flavoring. It can be produced by the reaction of butanoic acid with ethanol in the presence of an acid catalyst (H+H+): CH3CH2CH2CO2H(l)+CH2CH3OH(l)H+⟶CH3CH2CH2CO2CH2CH3(l)+H2O(l) Part A Given 7.30 gg of butanoic acid and excess ethanol, how many grams of ethyl butyrate would be synthesized, assuming a complete 100%% yield? Express your answer in grams to three significant figures. Part B A chemist ran the reaction and obtained 5.95 gg of ethyl butyrate. What was the percent yield? Express your answer as a percent to three significant figures. Part C The chemist discovers a more efficient catalyst that can produce ethyl butyrate with a 78.0%% yield. How many grams would be produced from 7.30 gg of…arrow_forwardEthyl butyrate, CH3CH2CH2CO2CH2CH3CH3CH2CH2CO2CH2CH3, is an artificial fruit flavor commonly used in the food industry for such flavors as orange and pineapple. Its fragrance and taste are often associated with fresh orange juice, and thus it is most commonly used as orange flavoring. It can be produced by the reaction of butanoic acid with ethanol in the presence of an acid catalyst (H+H+): CH3CH2CH2CO2H(l)+CH2CH3OH(l)H+⟶CH3CH2CH2CO2CH2CH3(l)+H2O(l) Given 8.45 gg of butanoic acid and excess ethanol, how many grams of ethyl butyrate would be synthesized, assuming a complete 100%% yield? Express your answer in grams to three significant figures. A chemist ran the reaction and obtained 5.50 gg of ethyl butyrate. What was the percent yield? Express your answer as a percent to three significant figures. The chemist discovers a more efficient catalyst that can produce ethyl butyrate with a 78.0%% yield. How many grams would be produced from 8.45 gg of butanoic acid and excess…arrow_forward
- Chemistry for Today: General, Organic, and Bioche...ChemistryISBN:9781305960060Author:Spencer L. Seager, Michael R. Slabaugh, Maren S. HansenPublisher:Cengage Learning