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An Ionic Crystal. Figure P23.57 shows eight point charges arranged at the corners of a cube with sides of length d. The values of the charges are +q and −q, as shown. This is a model of one cell of a cubic ionic crystal. In sodium chloride (NaCl), for instance, the positive ions are Na+ and the negative ions are Cl−. (a) Calculate the potential energy U of this arrangement. (Take as zero the potential energy of the eight charges when they are infinitely far apart.) (b) In part (a), you should have found that U < 0. Explain the relationship between this result and the observation that such ionic crystals exist in nature.
Figure P23.57
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