Concept explainers
(a)
Interpretation:
The synthesis has to be shown for the 2,4-dichloro benzoic acid from toluene.
Concept introduction:
Chromic Acid:
Chromic Acid (
(b)
Interpretation:
The mechanism for the chlorosulfonation is to be proposed.
(c)
Interpretation:
The mechanism is to be proposed for step 3.
Concept introduction:
Ipso substitution reaction: It is the one of the
(d)
Interpretation:
The possible stereoisomer’s has to be shown if the product is chiral.
Concept introduction:
Isomer: A molecule having the same molecular formula but with different chemical structure is called isomer.
Enantiomers: A compound which is non-superimposable mirror image is called enantiomers.
Diastereomers: A compound which is non-superimposable and non-mirror image is called diastereomers.
Racemic mixture: A racemic mixture is simply a mixture containing an equal amount of each enantiomer.
Achiral:
A molecule is superimposable on its mirror image is called achiral molecule.
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Chapter 23 Solutions
OWL V2 with MindTap Reader and Student Solutions Manual eBook for Brown/Iverson/Anslyn/Foote's Organic Chemistry, 8th Edition
- Digitalis is a preparation made from the dried seeds and leaves of the purple foxglove, Digitalis purpurea, a plant native to southern and central Europe and cultivated in the United States. The preparation is a mixture of several active components, including digitalin. Digitalis is used in medicine to increase the force of myocardial contraction and as a conduction depressant to decrease heart rate (the heart pumps more forcefully but less often).arrow_forwardIdentify the most important aldehyde and ketone from Section 14.4 on the basis of amount used, and list at least one characteristic for each that contributes to its usefulness.arrow_forwardLabel each of the following structures as a cyclic hemiacetal, hemiketal, acetal, ketal, or none of these: a. b. c.arrow_forward
- A diuretic is a compound that causes increased urination and thereby reduces fluid volume in the body. An important use of diuretics in clinical medicine is in the reduction of the fluid buildup, particularly in the lungs, that is associated with congestive heart failure. It is also used as an antihypertensive (i.e., to reduce blood pressure). Furosemide, an exceptionally potent diuretic, is prescribed under 30 or more trade names, the best known of which is Lasix. The synthesis of furosemide begins with treatment of 2,4-dichlorobenzoic acid with chlorosulfonic acid in a reaction called chlorosulfonation. The product of this reaction is then treated with ammonia followed by heating with furfurylamine. Q. Propose a mechanism for Step (3).arrow_forwardA diuretic is a compound that causes increased urination and thereby reduces fluid volume in the body. An important use of diuretics in clinical medicine is in the reduction of the fluid buildup, particularly in the lungs, that is associated with congestive heart failure. It is also used as an antihypertensive (i.e., to reduce blood pressure). Furosemide, an exceptionally potent diuretic, is prescribed under 30 or more trade names, the best known of which is Lasix. The synthesis of furosemide begins with treatment of 2,4-dichlorobenzoic acid with chlorosulfonic acid in a reaction called chlorosulfonation. The product of this reaction is then treated with ammonia followed by heating with furfurylamine. Q. Is furosemide chiral? If so, which of the possible stereoisomers are formed in this synthesis?arrow_forwardExplain this difference in potency and speed of onset by pointing out the main differences in functional groups between morphine and heroin.arrow_forward
- Bisphenol A is widely used as a building block in polymer synthesis and is found in the polycarbonate hard plastics of reusable drink containers, DVDs, cell phones, and other consumer goods. Bisphenol A is reported to have estrogenic activity, and its widespread occurrence in our environment is a potential concern. Describe one or two biochemical experiments that could be done to compare the activity of bisphenol A with that of its estradiol, its structural relative.arrow_forwardDigitalis is a preparation made from the dried seeds and leaves of the purple foxglove, Digitalis purpurea, a plant native to southern and central Europe and cultivated in the United States. The preparation is a mixture of several active components, including digitalin. Digi- talis is used in medicine to increase the force of myocardial contraction and as a conduction depressant to decrease heart rate (the heart pumps more forcefully but less often). HC OH H,C H CH3 H. H. (a) Describe this glycosidic bond OCH, H A (b) Draw an open-chain Fischer projection of this monosaccharide CH3 H. (e) Describe this glycosidic bond OCH, HA H. HO H) H. OH НО (d) Name this monosaccharide unit H. OH Digitalinarrow_forwardBarbiturates with rapid onset and short duration are: O used to treat epilepsy. O not used medically. O used as anesthetics. less addictive.arrow_forward
- 3)What solvents could be added to increase and decrease the polarity of ethyl acetate?arrow_forwardnoradrenaline and serotonin in the spinal cord. Deduce the structure of this new compound, given its molecular neuron to another. Noradrenaline (also called norepinephrine) and serotonin are neurotransmitters that act in its) Neurotransmitters are small molecules that are produced by the body to send messages from one the central nervous system. A recently report synthetic compound has effects that are similar to baul formula (CəH13NO) and the following 'H NMR spectral data. Show your work by labeling your proposed structure with the corresponding letters for the signals listed below. a) 1.1 6 (2H, broad singlet) b) 2.7 6 (2H, triplet) c) 2.9 6 (2H, triplet) d) 3.8 6 (3H, singlet) e) 6.8 6 (2H, doublet) f) 7.1 6 (2H, doublet)arrow_forwardAspirin is the common name for the compound acetylsalicylic acid, widely used as a fever reducer and as a pain killer. Salicylic acid, whose name comes from Salix, the willow family of plants, was derived from willow bark extracts. In folk medicine, willow bark teas were used as headache remedies and other tonics. Nowadays, salicylic acid is administered in the form of aspirin which is less irritating to the stomach than salicylic acid. To prepare aspirin, salicylic acid is reacted with an excess of acetic anhydride. A small amount of a strong acid is used as a catalyst which speeds up the reaction. In this experiment, phosphoric acid will be used as the catalyst. The excess acetic acid will be quenched with the addition of water. The aspirin product is not very soluble in water so the aspirin product will precipitate when water is added. The synthesis reaction of aspirin is shown below: Actic anhydride 5 ml. Acetic acid Salicylic acid 28 Acetylsalicylie acid Procedure 1) Mix salicylic…arrow_forward
- Organic ChemistryChemistryISBN:9781305580350Author:William H. Brown, Brent L. Iverson, Eric Anslyn, Christopher S. FootePublisher:Cengage LearningChemistry for Today: General, Organic, and Bioche...ChemistryISBN:9781305960060Author:Spencer L. Seager, Michael R. Slabaugh, Maren S. HansenPublisher:Cengage Learning