Biochemistry: Concepts and Connections
1st Edition
ISBN: 9780321839923
Author: Dean R. Appling, Spencer J. Anthony-Cahill, Christopher K. Mathews
Publisher: PEARSON
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Chapter 23, Problem 2P
For each DNA repair process in column I, list all characteristics from column Il that correctly describe that process.
I
Nucleotide excision repair- Photoreactivation
- Base excision repair
- Recombinational repair
- SOS-driven error-prone repair
- Alkyltransferase repair
- Mismatch repair
- Double-strand break repair
II
- RecA protein participates.
- Damaged nucleotides are removed by nick translation.
- A free radical mechanism is involved.
- The repair enzyme functions only once.
- The key enzyme contains a bound folate cofactor.
- No bases or nucleotides are removed from the DNA.
- Deficiency of this enzyme in humans greatly increases the risk of skin cancer.
- This system is chiefly responsible for the mutagenic effect of ultraviolet light.
- This process begins with cleavage of two phosphodiester bonds.
- This process begins up to 1 kbp away from the site to be repaired.
- DNA ligase catalyzes the final reaction.
- This process also occurs in meiotic recombination.
- Replication fork regression might occur during this process.
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Match the bold DNA repair response(s) to the triggering type of DNA damage.
Homologous Recombination
Mishmatch Repair
Base Excision Repair
Nucleotide Excision Repair
Non-homologous End Joining
Single-strand DNA breaks
Removal of repair lesions such as photoproducts caused by UV including Thymine dimers
Double-Strand Break repair mechanism which is an accurate repair mechanism without any introduction of insertions or deletions. It requires a sister chromatid as a template.
This repair mechanism uses just DNA glycosylase to remove Uracil (no other enzymes or complexes are required) then DNA polymerase can use the template stand to add the complementary base where the Uracil has been removedInterstrand Crosslink Repair
This repair mechanism is used to recognize and repair mis-incorporation of base that can arise during DNA replication.
Removal and replacement of modifying bases such as Uracil, 8-hyroxyguanine and others.
Double-strand Break that is termed as “Quick and Dirty” as it is…
Identify the various types of DNA repair mechanisms known to counteract the effects of UV radiation.
Drag the terms on the left to the appropriate blanks on the right to complete the sentences.
Reset Help
SoS repair
is dependent on a photon-activated enzyme that cleaves thymine dimers.
excision repair
is the process by which an endonuclease clips out UV-induced dimers, DNA
photoreactivation repair
polymerase III fills in the gap, and DNA ligase rejoins the phosphodiester backbone.
recombinational repair
uses the corresponding region on the umdamaged parental strand of the same
polarity.
is a process in E. coli that induces error-prone DNA replication in an effort to fill
gaps by inserting random nucleotides.
Which of the following DNA repair processes is known to be "error-prone" (i.e. resulting in incorporation of incorrect nucleotides as part of
the repair process)?
Mark all the answers that are correct.
post-replication repair
Nucleotide Excision Repair (NER)
M non-homologous end-joining of double-stranded DNA breaks.
SOS-response
O Base Excision Repair (BER)
Chapter 23 Solutions
Biochemistry: Concepts and Connections
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Need a deep-dive on the concept behind this application? Look no further. Learn more about this topic, biochemistry and related others by exploring similar questions and additional content below.Similar questions
- What is/are the attributes that make nucleotide excision repair (NER) and base excision repair (BER) similar and/or different from each other? Select the correct response: The NER pathway is the only one that can remove DNA lesions in the strand regardless of their size which is followed by attaching the correct strand, then sealed by a DNA ligase. They both use the enzyme DNA glycosylases that recognizes the damaged DNA segments and proceed with repairing the faulty base in the strand. They differ NER only repairs purine bases while BER repairs pyrimidine bases. They both remove the damaged parts of the DNA where the BER pathway corrects only the identified damaged bases which are usually non-bulky lesions. The NER pathway, on the other hand, repairs the damage by removal of bulky DNA adducts which is a short-single stranded DNA segment. They both utilize the enzyme photolyase to reverse the damages created by the faulty section of the DNA. They both remove the damaged parts of the…arrow_forwardWhich of the following DNA repair pathways repair DNA double strand breakage that only occur in dividing cells? Please select ALL correct answer options. Synthesis-dependent strand annealing (SDSA) Double-strand break repair (DSBR) Nucleotide excision repair (NER) Non-homologous end joining (NHEJ) Mismatch repair (MMR)arrow_forwardAmong the different types of DNA repair, one has the unique ability to detect which strand is the newly synthesized strand where DNA polymerase may have mis-incorporated a base. This repair is Group of answer choices Photolyase Nucleotide excision repair Base excision repair SOS repair Mismatch Repairarrow_forward
- Explain why base excision repair, nucleotide excision repair, and mismatch repair—which all require nucleases to excise damaged DNA—require DNA ligase.arrow_forwardWhich DNA repair mechanisms makes use of recombination between a damaged strand of a DNA molecule and an undamaged strand? Group of answer choices postreplication repair nucleotide excision repair antioxidant repair mismatch repair all of these are DNA repair mechanismsarrow_forwardWhich of the following statements regarding Nucleotide Excision Repair (NER) and Base Excision Repair (BER) is true? Only NER involves the action of DNA ligase to seal nicks in the DNA backbone. Both NER and BER involve DNA strand cleavage by an endonuclease. Both NER and BER can be activated by exposure to visible light. Only BER requires DNA polymerase. Both NER and BER involve the creation of an apyrimidinic (AP) site.arrow_forward
- Based on what you have learned with respect to various DNA repair pathways, decide the most appropriate pathway that would be used to repair the following types of DNA damage. Explain your reasoning. A change in the DNA sequence caused by a mistake made by DNA polymerase during replication In a fungal species, pyrimidine dimers induced as a result of UV exposure A double-stranded break that occurs during G1 and prevents completion of DNA replicationarrow_forwardThere are two types of excision repair, base excision repair (BER) and nucleotide excision repair (NER). Which enzymes are used in Base excision repair in E. coli?And In nucleotide excision repair, what kind of damage is repaired by this mechanism and why are cutsmade on both sides of the damaged region of DNA?arrow_forwardAn intermediate step in a novel genome editing tool called "base editing" produces DNA strands with the following nucleotide pairing: T G The final step in "base editing" requires the cell's normal DNA repair machinery to correct the pairing shown above. Given your knowledge of DNA repair, name the repair pathway that would act on the DNA molecule above, and describe all of the steps and proteins involved in this repair pathway. (Hint: Since DNA replication has already been completed in this case, "proofreading" is not the correct answer.)arrow_forward
- Which of the following plays a role in repairing thymine dimers by reversing the damage caused by UV light exposure in bacteria? base excision repair photoreactivation enzyme postreplication repair non-homologous end-joining repair DNA polymerase proofreadingarrow_forwardBelow is a list of types of repair systems. Please make sure to select ALL of the processes that can repair double-stranded breaks. base-excision repair O mismatch repair homologous recombination Onucleotide-excision repair ONon-homologous end joiningarrow_forwardFor each DNA repair process in column I, list all characteristics from column II that correctly describe that process.arrow_forward
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