Introduction to Statistics and Data Analysis
5th Edition
ISBN: 9781305750999
Author: Peck Olson Devore
Publisher: CENGAGE C
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Textbook Question
Chapter 2.3, Problem 47E
Red wine contains flavonol, an antioxidant thought to have beneficial health effects. But to have an effect, the antioxidant must be absorbed into the blood. The article “Red Wine is a Poor Source of Bioavailable Flavonols in Men” (The Journal of Nutrition [2001]: 745–748) describes a study to investigate three sources of dietary flavonol—red wine, yellow onions, and black tea—to determine the effect of source on absorption. The article included the following statement:
We recruited subjects via posters and local newspapers. To ensure that subjects could tolerate the alcohol in the wine, we only allowed men with a consumption of at least seven drinks per week to participate… Throughout the study, the subjects consumed a diet that was low in flavonols.
- a. What are the three treatments in this experiment?
- b. What is the response variable?
- c. What are three extraneous variables that the researchers chose to control in the experiment?
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Initial Measurement
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11.4
9.1
9.6
8.7
10.1
9.7
8.5
10.8
10.2
10.9
10.6
10.6
11.9
10.1
9.9
12.3
10.7
8.8
10.2
10.4
10.3
10.9
11.4
10.4
9.3
11.6
10.6
10.9
10.9
8.3
After 9 Days
Treatment
Control
138.3
9.2
104
8.9
96.4
8.9
89
10.1
88
9.6
103.8
8.6
147.3
10.4
97.1
12.4
172.6
9.2
146.3
9.5
99
8.4
122.3
8.8
103
12.5
117.8
9.1
121.5
93
(a)
Use the given data for the treatment group to determine if…
A deficiency of the trace element selenium in the diet can negatively impact growth, immunity, muscle and neuromuscular function, and fertility. The introduction of selenium supplements to dairy cows is justified when pastures have low selenium levels. Authors of a research paper supplied the following data on milk selenium concentration (mg/L) for a sample of cows given a selenium supplement (the treatment group) and a control sample given no supplement, both initially and after a 9-day period.
Initial Measurement
Treatment
Control
11.3
9.1
9.7
8.7
10.1
9.7
8.5
10.8
10.4
10.9
10.7
10.6
11.8
10.1
9.8
12.3
10.6
8.8
10.4
10.4
10.2
10.9
11.3
10.4
9.2
11.6
10.7
10.9
10.8
8.2
After 9 Days
Treatment
Control
138.3
9.4
104
8.8
96.4
8.8
89
10.1
88
9.7
103.8
8.7
147.3
10.3
97.1
12.3
172.6
9.4
146.3
9.5
99
8.3
122.3
8.9
103
12.5
117.8
9.1
121.5
93
(a)
Use the given data for the treatment group to determine if…
Chapter 2 Solutions
Introduction to Statistics and Data Analysis
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