Introduction to Statistics and Data Analysis
5th Edition
ISBN: 9781305750999
Author: Peck Olson Devore
Publisher: CENGAGE C
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Textbook Question
Chapter 2.3, Problem 45E
The paper “Turning to Learn: Screen Orientation and Reasoning from Small Devices” (Computers in Human Behavior [2011]: 793-797) describes a study that investigated whether cell phones with small screens are useful for gathering information. The researchers wondered if the ability to reason using information read on a small screen was affected by the screen orientation. The researchers assigned 33 undergraduate students who were enrolled in a psychology course at a large public university to one of two groups at random.
One group read material that was displayed on a small screen in portrait orientation, and the other group read material on the same size screen but turned to display the information in landscape orientation (see figure below).
The researchers found that performance on a reasoning test that was based on the displayed material was better for the group that read material in the landscape orientation.
- a. Is the desert bed study an observational study or an experiment?
- b. Did the study use random selection from some population?
- c. Did the study use random assignment to expert mental groups?
- d. Is the conclusion—that reasoning using information displayed on a small screen is improved by terming the screen to landscape orientation—appropriate, given the study design? Explain.
- e. Is it reasonable to generalize the conclusions from this study to some larger population? If so, what population?
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Students have asked these similar questions
a. Given that the respondent is assign
Table of Chosen Options and Emotional States
The probability is
(Round to three decimal places as nee
ETTI
Emotional
State
Guilt
Anger
Neutral
Totals
Choose Stated Do Not Choose
Stated Option
Totals
Option
42
13
55
9.
48
57
54
60
57
115
172
The effect of guilt emotion on how a decision maker focuses on a problem was investigated in a behavioral magazine. A total of 172 volunteer students participated in
the experiment, where each was randomly assigned to one of three emotional states (guilt, anger, or neutral) through a reading/writing task. Immediately after the task,
students were presented with a decision problem where the stated option had predominantly negative features (spending money on repairing a very old car). The
results (number responding in each category) are summarized in the accompanying table. Suppose one of the 172 participants is selected at random. Complete parts a
through c.
Click the icon to view the table of chosen options and emotional states.
CH
ce
a. Given that the respondent is assigned to the guilty state, what is the probability that the respondent chooses the stated option?
The probability is .764.
(Round to three decimal places as needed.)
ГМА
GE A
b. If the respondent does not choose to…
In a study about learning styles, researchers used a group of 64 elementary school students who volunteered to be part of the study. The researchers gave each student a pre-test and based upon the results, they divided them into 32 pairs of similarly scoring students. School administrators then randomly assigned one student from each pair to mathematics instruction online while the other student received in-person instruction in a traditional classroom. At the end of the year, all 64 students received a mathematics assessment, measured on a 100-point scale.
The researchers calculated the difference (in person −− online) in the mathematics assessment scores for each pair of students. The 32 differences had a mean of 15 and a standard deviation of 3.9 points.
Construct and interpret a 95% confidence interval for the mean difference (in person −− online) in the mathematics assessment scores for all pairs of students like these who learn math either face-to-face or online.
Chapter 2 Solutions
Introduction to Statistics and Data Analysis
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