Biology
5th Edition
ISBN: 9781260487947
Author: BROOKER
Publisher: MCG
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Chapter 23, Problem 7TY
Summary Introduction
Introduction: A series of experiments were performed by Ole Seehausen and Jacques Van Alphen in 1998 to investigate the complex nature of sexual selection in a population of fish. They performed experiments in a population that ranged from light shade of white to darker shades of green. When light-colored sandy and dark vegetation are included in the environment, both light and dark colored members were able to survive.
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Consider global warming, a continual gradual increase in average temperatures. How might you expect this to affect natural
selection?
A.environmental changes are unpredictable, and natural selection is a random process, so it is difficult to predict outcome
B.species from warmer climates are likely to expand their ranges into higher latitudes
C.traits that increase reproductive success under warmer temperatures are likely to increase in frequency in a population
D.the stress caused by higher temperatures will increase mutation rates
What is the difference between artificial selection (e.g., greyhounds that are bred for speed) and natural selection?
a.
In artificial selection, the genetic variation introduced into the population is limited, but in natural selection, it is not
b.
In artificial selection, the environment is the selective force, while in natural selection, humans are the selective force
c.
In natural selection, the environment is the selective force, while in artificial selection, humans are the selective force
d.
Unlike other species, dogs are not subject to natural selection
e.
Both A & C
Which evolutionary forces a. cause an increase in genetic variation both within and between populations? b. cause a decrease in genetic variation both within and between populations? c. cause an increase in genetic variation within populations but cause a decrease in genetic variation between populations?
Chapter 23 Solutions
Biology
Ch. 23.1 - Prob. 1CSCh. 23.2 - Prob. 1CCCh. 23.2 - Prob. 2CCCh. 23.2 - Prob. 3CCCh. 23.3 - Prob. 1CCCh. 23.3 - Prob. 1EQCh. 23.3 - Prob. 2EQCh. 23.3 - Prob. 3EQCh. 23.4 - Genetic Drift Concept Check: How does the...Ch. 23.4 - Prob. 1CS
Ch. 23.5 - Prob. 1CCCh. 23 - Population geneticists are interested in the...Ch. 23 - The Hardy-Weinberg equation characterizes the...Ch. 23 - Prob. 3TYCh. 23 - Prob. 4TYCh. 23 - Prob. 5TYCh. 23 - Prob. 6TYCh. 23 - Prob. 7TYCh. 23 - Prob. 8TYCh. 23 - Kimuras proposal regarding neutral variation...Ch. 23 - Populations that experience inbreeding may also...Ch. 23 - Prob. 1CQCh. 23 - Prob. 2CQCh. 23 - Prob. 3CQCh. 23 - Antibiotics are commonly used to combat bacterial...Ch. 23 - Discuss die similarities and differences among...
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- PINE TREE NEEDLES Variation among members of a population can lead to natural selection, but only if two conditions are met: First, the trait must be relevant to an individual's survival and/or reproductive rate. Second, variation in this trait must be heritable, that is, at least partly controlled by genes. a. How might you design an experiment to determine the importance of needle length in determining survival and reproduction? b. How might you test the extent to which needle length is heritable?arrow_forwardBiologists sometimes say that “natural selection depends on the specific environment where a species lives.” What does this statement mean? A) A) If populations of a species are in different environments, traits that individuals need to meet their needs in each environment will appear. B) Traits can be helpful or harmful. If populations of a species are in different environments, some traits that are helpful in one environment might be harmful in another environment. C) Traits are always either helpful or harmful, and the environment of a population doesn’t matter. If populations of a species are in different environments, the same traits will always be helpful. D) Species were formed to perfectly match their environment. The traits of individuals in a species depend on the specific environment in which they were created.arrow_forwardWith stronger natural selection, was the more beneficial allele lost from these small populations?a) It was lost very frequently, and the strength of natural selection did not make any difference.b) It was never lost.c) It was lost a few times, but not very often, and it was lost less frequently under strong selection.d) It was lost a few times, and it was lost more frequently under strong selection.arrow_forward
- What is neutral evolution? A. Neutral evolution does not exist. B. When certain genes are present or absent in populations due to natural selection (they are advantageous or disadvantageous). C. When certain genes are present or absent in populations regardless of selection (they are not advantageous or disadvantageous). D. When certain genes are present or absent in populations due to sexual selection (they are selected for by the opposite sex).arrow_forwardDuring drought years on the Galapagos, small, easily eaten seeds become rare leaving only large, hard-cased seeds that only birds with large beaks can eat. If the drought persists for several years, then what should one expect to result from natural selection? Explain your reasoning based on the postulates of the Darvin natural selection theory.arrow_forwardWhich of the following conclusions are MOST likely to be supported by genetic evidence? A. Some modern-day organisms did not exist in the past. B. Some organisms found in the fossil record do not currently exist. C. Environmental change affected the fitness of individuals differently based on their traits. D. Some disease-causing traits may remain in a population because their alleles provide an advantage to heterozygotes.arrow_forward
- In which of the following pairs do both evolutionary processes introduce new genetic variation into a population? a. natural selection and genetic drift b. mutation and gene flow c. natural selection and gene flow d. gene flow and genetic driftarrow_forwardWhich of the following statements about natural selection is a misconception? a.Most species don't produce more offspring than the environment can support b.Natural selection acts on heritable variations in a population c.Natural selection involves differential reproductive success d.Natural selection occurs as a result of competition among individuals in a population e.In natural selection, traits that are favoured depend on current environmental conditionsarrow_forwardIn the 1900s, the Florida panther population declined drastically due to hunting and habitat loss, and, by the mid-1990s, there were fewer than 30 Florida panthers left in the wild. What were the most likely consequences of this decline in population size on the frequency of genetic abnormalities, such as malformed testicles, in the remaining population? A. The frequency of genetic abnormalities decreased due to the weakest panthers being eliminated through natural selection. B. The frequency of genetic abnormalities increased due to an increased rate of migration of other panthers into the population. C. The frequency of genetic abnormalities increased due to the random loss of genetic diversity and increased inbreeding in small populations. D. The frequency of genetic abnormalities decreased because the concentration of adaptive alleles in the small population decreased as the population declined.arrow_forward
- What is neutral evolution? A. When certain genes are present or absent in populations regardless of selection (they are not advantageous or disadvantageous). B. When certain genes are present or absent in populations due to sexual selection (they are selected for by the opposite sex). C. When certain genes are present or absent in populations due to natural selection (they are advantageous or disadvantageous). D. Neutral evolution does not exist.arrow_forwardWith respect to this form of natural selection, explain the meaning of the word directional.arrow_forwardWhat is inbreeding depression and why is it particularly a concern for conservation biology? A) It is a chemical imbalance in the brain of animals forced into close quarters, such as those rescued from the wild and placed in zoos. B) It is a situation where the frequency of an allele over time depends greatly upon its initial frequency, as such if populations are too small, the present alleles are at risk of being lost. C) It is a situation where offspring of genetic relatives have increased fitness, this occurs when populations of animals are large and they mate freely. D) It is a situation where offspring of genetic relatives have reduced fitness, this occurs when populations of animals become too small and they are thus likely to mate with closely related individuals.arrow_forward
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