Explanation Chromosomal abnormalities: Chromosomal disorders are genetic disorders that involve changes in chromosome number. Klinefelter’s syndrome is one of the chromosomal disorders that affect males due to presence of an additional X chromosome. Mental retardation commonly occurs in people having this syndrome. It can be diagnosed early at puberty because the testes remain small, sperm is not produced, and secondary sexual characteristics are not developed. Turner’s syndrome is another chromosomal disorder in which one X chromosome is missing. It affects sexual development in females and causes other abnormalities as well. The malformation generally occurs in the heart and genitourinary system. In this syndrome, growth retardation occurs. Development of secondary sexual characteristics and initiation of menstrual cycle are lacking. Testicular cancer: Cancer of the testis is uncommon. It accounts for one percent of the all-male cancers. It is highly treatable. It most commonly occurs between 20 to 30 years of age. Ninety percent of the testicular cancer arises from male gametes. It may arise from a single cell or mixed from different layers of germ cells. Some of the malignant tumor secretes the human chorionic gonadotropin (hCG) or alpha-fetoprotein (AFP), which is used for the markers. These markers are helpful in diagnosis. The cause of testicular cancer is unknown. However, the link has been found with the genetic predisposition because the incidence is higher among brothers, identical twins, and close male relatives. A list of predisposing factors for testicular cancer is mentioned below: Age Cryptorchidism Genetic predisposition Change in chromosome number 12 Infection or trauma Family history HIV infection Klinefelter’s syndrome Menstrual abnormalities: Menstruation is the regular discharge of blood and mucosal tissue (which contain degenerated ova) through the vagina...

Pathophysiology For The Health Professions - E- Book

6th Edition

ISBN: 9780323414340

Author: Karin C. VanMeter, Robert J Hubert

Publisher: Elsevier Health Sciences

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Chapter 23, Problem 8LO

Summary Introduction

To explain: The disorders such as chromosomal abnormalities, testicular cancer, and menstrual abnormalities involving the reproductive system.

Introduction: Reproductive system is used for sexual reproduction. Reproductive system consists of a series of organs that secrete hormones called sex hormones and produce reproductive cells. Impaired functions of the reproductive system can result in several disorders.

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Chapter 23 Solutions

Pathophysiology For The Health Professions - E- Book

Ch. 23 - Prob. 1LO Ch. 23 - Prob. 2LO Ch. 23 - Prob. 3LO Ch. 23 - Prob. 4LO Ch. 23 - Prob. 5LO Ch. 23 - Prob. 6LO Ch. 23 - Prob. 7LO Ch. 23 - Prob. 8LO Ch. 23 - Prob. 23.1TA Ch. 23 - Prob. 23.2TA

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