Concept explainers
Interpretation:
The mechanism for the synthesis of fatty
Concept Introduction:
Glycolysis: It is pathway which describes conversion of one molecule of glucose into two molecules of pyruvate. The series involves 10 reactions.
Fatty acid conversion to fatty
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ORGANIC CHEMISTRY (LL)-W/STUDY GUIDE
- In the glycolytic pathway, a six-carbon sugar (fructose 1,6-bisphosphate) is cleaved to form two three-carbon sugars, which undergo further metabolism . In this pathway, an isomerization of glucose 6-phosphate tofructose 6-phosphate (shown below) occurs two steps before the cleavage reaction (the intervening step is phosphorylation of fructose 6-phosphate to fructose 1,6-bisphosphate ). What does the isomerization step accomplish from a chemical perspective? (Hint: Consider what might happen if the C—C bond cleavage were to proceed without the preceding isomerization.)arrow_forwardFADH2 reduces α,β-unsaturated thioesters to saturated thioesters. The reaction is thought to take place by a mechanism that involves radicals. Propose a mechanism for this reaction.arrow_forwardWhat acyl groups have we seen transferred by reactions that require thiamine pyrophosphate as a coenzymearrow_forward
- E. Starting with, alpha-ketoglutarate, ammonia and pyruvate, diagram, using structural formulae, the biosynthetic reactions needed to generate the amino acid alanine in a cell with the enzyme alanine dehydrogenase and without the enzyme alanine dehydrogenase? Use coenzymes as needed.arrow_forwardOne of the steps in the pentose phosphate pathway for glucose catabolism is the reaction of xylulose 5-phosphate with ribose 5-phosphate in the presence of a transketolase to give glyceraldehyde 3-phosphate and sedoheptulose 7-phosphate. (a) The first part of the reaction is nucleophilic addition of thiamin diphosphate (TPP) ylide to xylulose 5-phosphate, followed by a retro-aldol cleavage to give glyceraldehyde 3-phosphate and a TPPcontaining enamine. Show the structure of the enamine and the mechanism by which it is formed. (b) The second part of the reaction is addition of the enamine to ribose 5-phosphate followed by loss of TPP ylide to give sedoheptulose 7-phosphate. Show the mechanism.arrow_forwardSevere ketosis situations produce acidosis. Explain.arrow_forward
- Galactose can enter the glycolytic cycle but it must first react with ATP to form galactose-1-phosphate. Propose a mechanism for this reaction.arrow_forwardAcyl CoA dehydrogenases catalyze the first step of the β‑oxidation pathway that breaks down fatty acids. Draw the structure of the starting material based on the cofactor and product structures. Parts have been pre‑drawn for your convenience. The "CoA" can be found under Groups in the drawing menu.arrow_forwardBased on the following reaction, choose the correct alternative. * a) For the formation of acetic acid, ethanol is reducing b) In the reaction of acetaldehyde to form acetic acid, NAD+ behaves as an oxidizing reagent. c) In the reaction of ethanol to form acetaldehyde, NAD+ behaves as a reducing reagent. d) The enzyme (catalyst) alcohol dehydrogenase slows down the reaction rate. e) ndaarrow_forward
- draw and Identify different types of organic reaction mechanims in the following metabolic pathways. Conversion of Pyruvate to Acetyl CoA Citric acid cycle Gluconeogenesis pathway (pyruvate to glucose) Catabolism of triacylglycerols- beta-oxidation pathway Biosynthesis of fatty acids from Acetyl CoA Glycolysis (from glucose to two molecules of pyruvate)arrow_forwardShow how an enediol rearrangement can move the carbonyl carbon of fructose from C-2 to C-3.arrow_forwardChoose a different family of natural products derived from the acetate pathway and propose how such pathway would overlap with the cannabinoid?arrow_forward
- General, Organic, and Biological ChemistryChemistryISBN:9781285853918Author:H. Stephen StokerPublisher:Cengage Learning
- Organic And Biological ChemistryChemistryISBN:9781305081079Author:STOKER, H. Stephen (howard Stephen)Publisher:Cengage Learning,