Microbiology: An Evolving Science (Fourth Edition)
4th Edition
ISBN: 9780393615098
Author: John W. Foster, Joan L. Slonczewski
Publisher: W. W. Norton & Company
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Chapter 24, Problem 5TQ
Summary Introduction
To review:
The antibody isotype that is formed against the rubella virus in the fetus.
Introduction:
Rubella is a type of measles also called German measles that is caused by the rubella virus. The symptoms of the infection include the development of rashes generally after two weeks of infection. Rubella is the congenital syndrome that is developed in an infant and results from maternal infection with the rubella virus during pregnancy. Rubella virus can cross the placenta and may cause serious consequences such as stillbirths, miscarriages, and several other birth defects.
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Chapter 24 Solutions
Microbiology: An Evolving Science (Fourth Edition)
Ch. 24.1 - Prob. 1TQCh. 24.1 - Prob. 2TQCh. 24.1 - Prob. 3TQCh. 24.2 - Prob. 1TQCh. 24.2 - Prob. 2TQCh. 24.2 - Prob. 3TQCh. 24.2 - Prob. 4TQCh. 24.2 - Prob. 5TQCh. 24.3 - Prob. 1TQCh. 24.3 - Prob. 2TQ
Ch. 24.3 - Prob. 3TQCh. 24.4 - Prob. 1TQCh. 24.4 - Prob. 2TQCh. 24.5 - Prob. 1TQCh. 24.5 - Prob. 2TQCh. 24.6 - Prob. 1TQCh. 24.6 - Prob. 2TQCh. 24 - Prob. 1RQCh. 24 - Prob. 2RQCh. 24 - Prob. 3RQCh. 24 - Prob. 4RQCh. 24 - Prob. 5RQCh. 24 - Prob. 6RQCh. 24 - Prob. 7RQCh. 24 - Prob. 8RQCh. 24 - Prob. 9RQCh. 24 - Prob. 10RQCh. 24 - Prob. 11RQCh. 24 - Prob. 12RQCh. 24 - Prob. 13RQCh. 24 - Prob. 14RQCh. 24 - Prob. 15RQCh. 24 - Prob. 16RQCh. 24 - Prob. 17RQCh. 24 - Prob. 18RQCh. 24 - Prob. 19RQCh. 24 - Prob. 20RQCh. 24 - Prob. 1TQCh. 24 - Prob. 2TQCh. 24 - Prob. 3TQCh. 24 - Prob. 4TQCh. 24 - Prob. 5TQ
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- Figure 17.17 The Rh antigen is found on Rh-positive red blood cells. An Rh-negative female can usually carry an Rh-positive fetus to term without difficulty. However, if she has a second Rh-positive fetus, her body may launch an immune attack that causes hemolytic disease of the newborn. Why do you think hemolytic disease is only a problem during the second or subsequent pregnancies?arrow_forwardWhich maternal antibody classes protect a breast-fed newborn?arrow_forwardHow do some of the antibodies convert from IgM to IgG to enable them cross the placentaarrow_forward
- The class of immunoglobulins which can cross the placenta is -arrow_forwardFigure 17.17 The Rh antigen is found on Rh-positive red blood cells. An Rh-negative female can usually carry an Rh-positive fetus to term without difficulty. However, if she has a second Rh-positive fetus, her body may launch an immune attack that causes hemolytic disease of the newborn. Why do you think hemolytic disease is only a problem during the second or subsequent pregnancies?arrow_forwardWhat are ABO blood-group antigens?arrow_forward
- In terms of antigens and antibodies, explain why O- is considered a universal donor and why AB+ is considered a universal recipient. Even so, why can’t whole blood O- be donated to a person of type AB+ blood?arrow_forwardWhy is it that Rh incompatibility can be a serious problem when anRh-negative mother is carrying an Rh-positive fetus, but ABOincompatibility between mother and fetus is usually no problem?That is, a type A mother can usually safely carry a type B fetus.(Hint: The antibodies produced by an Rh-negative mother againstthe Rh antigen are usually IgG, whereas the antibodies producedagainst the A or B antigens are IgM.) Because the Rh antigenobviously serves no vital function (most humans lack it), why do youthink it hasn’t been completely eliminated during human evolution?arrow_forwardWhy is that antigen-antibody complexes are visible in aggregated clumps, and yet red blood cells are microscopic?arrow_forward
- It was stated that Rh antigens are so sparsely scattered in the red cell surface that IgG molecules bound to the Rh antigens are too far apart to fix C1q.Therefore, complement-mediated hemolysis cannot be invoked to explain hemolytic disease of the newborn. By what mechanism are the red cells destroyed?arrow_forwardExplain why the passive transfer of antibodies is of greatimportance for the newborn.arrow_forwardWhy is maternal milkimportant for the immuneprotection of the baby?arrow_forward
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