Biology
5th Edition
ISBN: 9781260487947
Author: BROOKER
Publisher: MCG
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Chapter 24.2, Problem 1CC
Summary Introduction
To determine: The number of chromosomes in the hybrid of the cross between the Galeopsis.tetrahit and Galeopsis.pubescens with Galeopsis.tetrahit.
Introduction: The chromosomes present in the offspring are the mixture of the chromosomes of the parent organisms that are divided into half to form gametes, which then combine to form the zygote. Hence, zygote contains each half of the parental chromosomes.
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In sexually reproducing species, each individual begins life with DNA inherited from both parent organisms. , Apply this idea to what occurs when organisms of two species that have homologous chromosomes mate and produce ( F1 ) hybrid offspring. What percentage of the DNA in the F1 hybrids' chromosomes comes from each parent species? As the hybrids mate and produce F2 and later-generation hybrid offspring, describe how recombination and natural selection may affect whether the DNA in hybrid chromosomes is derived from one parent species or the other.
In Figure 2 a diagram shows how traits are shared (or not shared) in different generations. Based on the diagram:
a. A, represents a plesiomorph trait. In how many generations is A shared (symplesiomorph)?
b. C represents an apomorphictrait. What generations share C (synapomorphy)?
c. E is considered an autapomorphic trait. Why do you think?
d. What about B and D? How do we classify them?
Were any of your physical traits autapomorphic or synapomorphic when plotted on the gene trees? Which ones and for which species? Phylogeneticists often refer to these physical traits as “evolutionarily significant,” what do you suppose they mean by this? Were any of your physical traits analogous? Which ones? Why do you suppose some traits can occur multiple times on a tree while others don’t? Given your results from two genes and physical traits, what relationships between species are you certain of? Which ones are you uncertain of? Why? If gene trees have more information in terms of base pairs for generating phylogenies, why do you suppose phylogeneticists even bother using and including physical traits in their analyses?
Chapter 24 Solutions
Biology
Ch. 24.1 - Can you think of another example of two different...Ch. 24.1 - Prob. 1CSCh. 24.1 - Is temporal isolation an example of a prezygotic...Ch. 24.1 - Prob. 3CCCh. 24.2 - Prob. 1CSCh. 24.2 - Prob. 1EQCh. 24.2 - Prob. 2EQCh. 24.2 - Prob. 3EQCh. 24.2 - Prob. 1CCCh. 24.2 - Prob. 2CC
Ch. 24.4 - Evo-Devo: Evolutionary Developmental Biology...Ch. 24.4 - Prob. 1CSCh. 24.4 - Prob. 2CCCh. 24 - Macroevolution refers to evolutionary changes that...Ch. 24 - Prob. 2TYCh. 24 - Prob. 3TYCh. 24 - Prob. 4TYCh. 24 - Prob. 5TYCh. 24 - Prob. 6TYCh. 24 - Prob. 7TYCh. 24 - Prob. 8TYCh. 24 - Prob. 9TYCh. 24 - Prob. 10TYCh. 24 - What is the key difference between prezygotic and...Ch. 24 - What are the key differences between gradualism...Ch. 24 - Prob. 3CQCh. 24 - Prob. 1COQCh. 24 - Discuss the type of speciation (allopatric or...
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- Are the Lycaon picture more closely related to the wolf or dog? What pair os species are more closely related according to the p-distance?arrow_forwardShown above are three possible phylogenetic trees for species I, II and III reconstructed based on the 4-nucleotide DNA sequences given in the righthand table. In every tree, each hatchmark on a branch represents a single base-change event. The most parsimonious tree would be - A. Both X and Y. B. X. C. Y. D. Both Y and Z. E. Z.arrow_forwardReferring to the phylogenetic tree shown above, answer the following questions: 1. How many OTUs are included in the phylogenetic analysis? 2. How many clades are there? 3. What is an autapomorphic trait of the domestic cat? Explain why? 4. What is the shared derived trait (synapomorphy) in the Family Felidae? Explain why?arrow_forward
- A large plant arose in a natural population. Qualitatively,it looked just the same as the others, except much larger. Is it more likely to be an allopolyploid or anautopolyploid? How would you test that it was a polyploid and not just growing in rich soil?arrow_forwardIn the following cladogram species A, B, C, and the root of the tree together represent what sort of group?arrow_forwardA cladogram used in a comparison of morphology among taxa had equal length branches, but when looked at in a blast webpage using the given gene sequence, the branches all had different lengths. Why is that?arrow_forward
- A large plant arose in a natural population. Qualitatively, it looked just the same as the others, except much larger. Is it more likely to be an allopolyploidarrow_forwarda. What are the various types of reproductive isolating mechanisms that can lead to speciation? b. What are the different modes of speciation? c. Explain how evolution produce the tremendous amount of diversity among organisms.arrow_forwardWere any of your physical traits autapomorphic or synapomorphic when plotted on the gene trees? Which ones and for which species? Phylogeneticists often refer to these physical traits as “evolutionarily significant,” what do you suppose they mean by this?arrow_forward
- What is the phylogenetic definition of a species? A) A group of individuals that can breed and produce viable offspring B) A group of interbreeding individuals that share the same environment C) A group of individuals that share a common ancestorarrow_forward*Each number (1.1, 2.1, etc) represents a character/synapomorphy. How many character changes are there in the cladogram? Are there any unexpected or unusual result in the cladogram?arrow_forwardAn event occurs where a large population of photosynthetic sun-basking sharks move to a new geographical location, and are unable to return. In their new location, they must rely much more on consuming fish for nutrients, as there are less available places to bask/rest, and higher risk for hunting if they remain at the surface for long periods of time. What type of prezygotic isolating mechanism occurred? In 100 years, how do you think the relocated sharks will differ physically from the original population? Give at least 2 features and explain why you think so.arrow_forward
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