Campbell Biology in Focus (2nd Edition)
2nd Edition
ISBN: 9780321962751
Author: Lisa A. Urry, Michael L. Cain, Steven A. Wasserman, Peter V. Minorsky, Jane B. Reece
Publisher: PEARSON
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Question
Chapter 24.5, Problem 2CC
Summary Introduction
To explain:
Whether the pathogenic bacterium toxin that causes symptoms of spreading from host to host is an endotoxin or exotoxin.
Concept introduction:
Exotoxins are the protein antigens present on the surface of bacterium that have the ability to cause disease due to the high toxic potential. The endotoxins are composed of lipopolysaccharides (LPS) present on the surface of the bacterium. They have less antigenic and toxic potential as compared to the endotoxins. The spread of the disease is caused by both the strain of bacteria; therefore, it is not possible to predict that the toxin secreted in the body is an endotoxin or an exotoxin.
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Chapter 24 Solutions
Campbell Biology in Focus (2nd Edition)
Ch. 24.1 - What hypothesis did Miller test in his classic...Ch. 24.1 - How would the appearance of protocells have...Ch. 24.1 - Prob. 3CCCh. 24.1 - Prob. 4CCCh. 24.2 - Contrast the cellular and DNA structures of...Ch. 24.2 - Distinguish between the four major modes of...Ch. 24.2 - Prob. 3CCCh. 24.2 - Prob. 4CCCh. 24.3 - Although rare on a per gene basis, new mutations...Ch. 24.3 - Distinguish between the three mechanisms by which...
Ch. 24.3 - In a rapidly changing environment, which bacterial...Ch. 24.3 - WHAT IF? If a nonpathogenic bacterium were to...Ch. 24.4 - Explain how molecular systematics and metagenomics...Ch. 24.4 - WHAT IF? What would the discovery of a bacterial...Ch. 24.5 - Explain how prokaryotes, though small, can be...Ch. 24.5 - Prob. 2CCCh. 24.5 - Prob. 3CCCh. 24.5 - Prob. 4CCCh. 24 - Which of the following steps has not yet been...Ch. 24 - Fossilized stromatolites A. more than 2.8 billion...Ch. 24 - Prob. 3TYUCh. 24 - Photoautotrophs use A. light as an energy source...Ch. 24 - Which of the following statements is not true? A....Ch. 24 - Prob. 6TYUCh. 24 - Plantlike photosynthesis that releases O2 occurs...Ch. 24 - SCIENTIFIC INQUIRY INTERPRET THE DATA The...Ch. 24 - FOCUS ON EVOLUTION In patients infected with...Ch. 24 - FOCUS ON ENERGY AND MATTER In a short essay (about...Ch. 24 - Prob. 11TYU
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- Why do pathogenic bacteria make enzymes? Name one enzyme that affects blood clotting (or clots) and one enzyme that affects cells or tissues. Explain in each case why the enzyme is important (useful) to the pathogen.arrow_forwardPick any bacterial pathogen, how could its relationship with its host be different if it was similar but non-pathogenic?arrow_forwardHow will the following factors contribute to the ability ofbacteria to invade the host?A. Antigenic variationB. Penetration into the Host cell cytoskeletonarrow_forward
- Why do gram-positive bacteria not produce endotoxins?arrow_forwardIf a mutation occurred in Escherichia coli that deleted the gene for adhesion, what effect might it have on the ability of E. coli to cause urinary tract infections?arrow_forwardDescribe three different ways in which exotoxins can be transported from a human pathogenic bacterium into a host cellarrow_forward
- When virulent bacteria invade an organism, they usually inflict damage to it. Can you assess the different means a bacterium may use to affect the integrity of the host in detail?arrow_forwardWhich of the following statements correctly describes exotoxins and endotoxins produced by various bacteria? A. endotoxins are secreted into the environment while the bacteria are still alive B. exotoxins are secreted into the environment while the bacteria are still alive C. exotoxins are only released into the environment when the bacteria die and their cell walls break down D. exotoxins are components of the outer membrane of the bacteria that produce themarrow_forwardWhy are exotoxins more potent than endotoxins?arrow_forward
- A pathogenic bacterium’s toxin causes symptoms thatincrease the bacterium’s chance of spreading from hostto host. Does this information indicate whether thepoison is an exotoxin or endotoxin? Explain.arrow_forwardin order for a bacterial pathogen to colonise a host epithelial cell surface, which set of potential virulence determinants produced by the bacteria are most likely to be involved in adherence? Siderophores and outer membrane proteins Fimbriae and outer membrane proteins Endotoxin and fimbriae Peptidoglycan and fimbriaearrow_forwardInfections among hospitalized patients are often related to the presence of a medical device in the patient. Which conditions favor the formation of biofilms on in-dwelling catheters?arrow_forward
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