CAMPBELL BIOLOGY IN FOCUS (LL)-W/MOD.MA
3rd Edition
ISBN: 9780135686065
Author: Urry
Publisher: PEARSON
expand_more
expand_more
format_list_bulleted
Videos
Question
Chapter 24.5, Problem 2CC
Summary Introduction
To explain:
Whether the pathogenic bacterium toxin that causes symptoms of spreading from host to host is an endotoxin or exotoxin.
Concept introduction:
Exotoxins are the protein antigens present on the surface of bacterium that have the ability to cause disease due to the high toxic potential. The endotoxins are composed of lipopolysaccharides (LPS) present on the surface of the bacterium. They have less antigenic and toxic potential as compared to the endotoxins. The spread of the disease is caused by both the strain of bacteria; therefore, it is not possible to predict that the toxin secreted in the body is an endotoxin or an exotoxin.
Expert Solution & Answer
Want to see the full answer?
Check out a sample textbook solution
Students have asked these similar questions
Here are four toxins: diphtheria toxin, cholera toxin, tetanus toxin, and exfoliative toxin.
Choose two of them and answer the following questions:
1. Is it an exotoxin or an endotoxin?
2. Which bacterial species produces it?
3. Briefly describe its mode of action and how it causes damage to the host cells. Include
specific signs and symptoms.
Why must the top agar be supplemented with maltose?
A) Maltose allows for binding of the phage to the E. Coli and aids in the infection process
B) Maltose helps stabilize the phage within the media
Once these pathogens enter the host the difference in environmental conditions signals for them to germinate and turn into growing cells. Compare Inhalation anthrax (Bacillus anthracis) to Tetanus (Clostridium tetani). Besides endospores used in transmission, what is a simple explanation to help explain how each microbe survives and grows in each location?
Chapter 24 Solutions
CAMPBELL BIOLOGY IN FOCUS (LL)-W/MOD.MA
Ch. 24.1 - What hypothesis did Miller test in his classic...Ch. 24.1 - How would the appearance of protocells have...Ch. 24.1 - Prob. 3CCCh. 24.1 - Prob. 4CCCh. 24.2 - Contrast the cellular and DNA structures of...Ch. 24.2 - Distinguish between the four major modes of...Ch. 24.2 - Prob. 3CCCh. 24.2 - Prob. 4CCCh. 24.3 - Although rare on a per gene basis, new mutations...Ch. 24.3 - Distinguish between the three mechanisms by which...
Ch. 24.3 - In a rapidly changing environment, which bacterial...Ch. 24.3 - WHAT IF? If a nonpathogenic bacterium were to...Ch. 24.4 - Explain how molecular systematics and metagenomics...Ch. 24.4 - WHAT IF? What would the discovery of a bacterial...Ch. 24.5 - Explain how prokaryotes, though small, can be...Ch. 24.5 - Prob. 2CCCh. 24.5 - Prob. 3CCCh. 24.5 - Prob. 4CCCh. 24 - Which of the following steps has not yet been...Ch. 24 - Fossilized stromatolites A. more than 2.8 billion...Ch. 24 - Prob. 3TYUCh. 24 - Photoautotrophs use A. light as an energy source...Ch. 24 - Which of the following statements is not true? A....Ch. 24 - Prob. 6TYUCh. 24 - Prob. 7TYUCh. 24 - SCIENTIFIC INQUIRY INTERPRET THE DATA The...Ch. 24 - FOCUS ON EVOLUTION In patients infected with...Ch. 24 - FOCUS ON ENERGY AND MATTER In a short essay (about...Ch. 24 - Prob. 11TYU
Knowledge Booster
Learn more about
Need a deep-dive on the concept behind this application? Look no further. Learn more about this topic, biology and related others by exploring similar questions and additional content below.Similar questions
- Which of the following is true of commensal bacterium? Question 2 options: A) commensal bacteria do not receive any benefit from its host B) commensal bacteria only colonize adult hosts C) commensal bacterium may also be an opportunistic pathogen D) commensal bacterium cannot cause an infection its hostarrow_forwardIdentify at least 2 bacterial cell structures that are associated with virulence and pathogenicity. Explain each.arrow_forwardHow will the following factors contribute to the ability ofbacteria to invade the host?A. Antigenic variationB. Penetration into the Host cell cytoskeletonarrow_forward
- Pathogenic infections induce damage to the host by a variety of mechanisms. While many mechanisms are direct effects of the pathogen, some damaging mechanisms result from the immune response to the infection. Examples of damage caused by the host immune response are: a) Exotoxin production, endotoxin b) Cell-mediated inmunity, direct cytopathic effect c) Endotoxin, inmmunune complexes d) Direct cythopathic effect, endotoxin e) Cell-mediated inmunity, inmmunune complexesarrow_forwardCompare and contrast Bacterial Endotoxins and Exotoxins at 4 levels:arrow_forwardDifferent strains of Streptococcus pyogenes have different virulence factors, giving these microbes much versatility. Virulence factors include which of the following? Choose one or more: A.A capsule that, when thick, will help the organism avoid phagocytosis by macrophages B.A cell wall containing lipoteichoic acid, thought to facilitate adherence to pharyngeal epithelial cells C.Enzymes that lyse blood cells (streptolysins) D.The production of several endotoxins called streptococcal pyogenic endotoxins (SPEs)arrow_forward
- Below are a list of virulence factors/ strategies paired with an example of an organism that utilizes them. How do each of the following strategies contribute to the virulence of the pathogen? Strategy - Causes the host to produce more receptors (Organism - Rhinovirus) Strategy - Produces gas as a product of fermentation (Organism - Clostridium perfringens) Strategy - Produces a capsule (organism - Klebsiella pneumonia) Strategy - Ability to move between adjacent cells (organism - Cytomegalovirus) Strategy - Ability to use pilus as a motility structure (organism - Pseudomonas aerogenosa)arrow_forwardWhy does Helicobacter pylori cause ulceractions in the lining of the Stomach? 1)The microbes secrete a toxin that prevents the host from detecting invasion of the microbe and thus allows it to thrive in the stomach and damage the host cells. 2)After invasion of the microbe in the cells lining the stomach, they are no longer able to produce mucous to protect the host cells from acid erosion 3)The microbe produces an enzyme that causes the cell to produce potent digestive enzymes that erode the stomach lining. 4)Once the microbe has entered the stomach, it releases digestive enzymes that degrade the mucous secreting cells.arrow_forwardWhich infection would be easier to contract from eating seafood, shigellosis or cholera? Explain. Give typing answer with explanation and conclusionarrow_forward
- The patient was a 44 year-old male with a past medical history significant for hypertension, non-insulin-dependent diabetes, high cholesterol, and heavy smoking (2 packs/day). He presented to the emergency room with complaints of chest pain and was found to have suffered a myocardial infarction (heart attack). A cardiac catheterization on hospital day 3 showed three arterial occlusions, and he underwent a triple-bypass on hospital day 5. On day 7, he developed septic shock with acute respiratory and renal failure, requiring intubation. He had a fever at that time of 39.3° C and two blood cultures were obtained. A chest x-ray showed left lung pleural effusion and a chest tube was inserted to drain the effusion. On day 11, pus was leaking from the sternal wound. Cultures derived from the wound and from the chest tube grew the organism noted in figures 1 and 2. A Kirby-Bauer disk diffusion assay is shown in figure 3. Figure 1: Organism under 1000x #LEHET A ALBUFE ALTHO 65 greets Figure 2:…arrow_forwardOur environment contains masses of microorganisms, many of which reside as commensal organisms on our body’s mucosal and epithelial surfaces without causing disease. What two features distinguish a pathogenic microbe from these commensal microbes?arrow_forwardEndotoxin is associated witha) Gram-positive bacteria.b) Gram-negative bacteria.c) the cytoplasmic membrane.d) endospores.arrow_forward
arrow_back_ios
SEE MORE QUESTIONS
arrow_forward_ios
Recommended textbooks for you
Bacterial Infections in Humans; Author: Professor Dave Explains;https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=FeFKAl9KyMg;License: Standard Youtube License