Biological Science (6th Edition)
6th Edition
ISBN: 9780321976499
Author: Scott Freeman, Kim Quillin, Lizabeth Allison, Michael Black, Emily Taylor, Greg Podgorski, Jeff Carmichael
Publisher: PEARSON
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Textbook Question
Chapter 25, Problem 3TYK
Which of the following best characterize an adaptive radiation?
a.
b. A single lineage diversifies rapidly, and descendant populations occupy many habitats and ecological roles.
c. Natural selection is particularly intense, because disruptive selection occurs.
d. Species recover after a mass extinction.
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Students have asked these similar questions
Researchers have found fossils of Eocene horse species in Colorado. Deeper deposits contain smaller species, and more recent deposits contain larger species. How does this observation support the theory of evolution?
A.
It provides evidence that species change over time.
B.
It does not support the theory of evolution.
C.
It shows that all species are related to each other.
D.
It proves that environments have changed over time.
E.
It suggests that species are unchanging and of recent origin.
The three beetle species live in the same ecosystem, and they likely evolved from the ancestral species that colonized the region. Which statement best explains how descent with modification influenced speciation in these beetles?
A. The ancestral species carried neutral gene mutations that spontaneously caused speciation when they colonized the region.
B. The ancestral species randomly diverged into three species before colonization and then colonized the regions that best suited their new adaptations.
C. After colonization, small groups separated from the rest of the ancestral species and developed different adaptations that helped them survive and reproduce.
D. After colonization, the large group interbred until they developed enough neutral genetic mutations for speciation to occur.
After the mass extinction that occurred 65 million years ago, mammals rapidly diversified to occupy habitats that were previously unavailable to them. What concept does this illustrate? A. Adaptive radiation B. Cretaceous selection C. Reproductive isolationD. Heterozygote advantage
Chapter 25 Solutions
Biological Science (6th Edition)
Ch. 25 - 1. Choose the best definition of a fossil.
a. any...Ch. 25 - 2. CAUTION True or false? The absence of a trait...Ch. 25 - Which of the following best characterize an...Ch. 25 - Which of the following is an example of homoplasy?...Ch. 25 - 5. Why is parsimony a useful tool for assessing...Ch. 25 - Prob. 6TYUCh. 25 - Fossilization continues even today. If you wanted...Ch. 25 - Prob. 8TYUCh. 25 - 9. MODEL Use the data matrix below to draft a...Ch. 25 - Prob. 10TYPSS
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- Through _______, a body part of an ancestor is modified differently in different lines of descent. a. homologous evolution c. adaptive divergence b. morphological convergence d. morphological divergencearrow_forwardWhat is an Analogy? A) When an anatomic feature is shared among organisms and their descendants B) When two organisms appear the same C) When convergent evolution produces similar phenotypesarrow_forwardWhat pattern of speciation is illustrated by the development of the allopolyploid species? A. allopatric speciation B. sympatric speciation C. cladopatric speciation D. anapatric speciationarrow_forward
- Reduced tailbones and the associated remnant muscles in humans are an example of what type of evidence for common descent? (a) artificial selection (b) homologous traits (c) biogeography (d) fossil evidencearrow_forwardTo apply parsimony to constructing a phylogenetic tree, (A) choose the tree that assumes all evolutionary changes are equally probable. (B) choose the tree in which the branch points are based on as many shared derived characters as possible. (C) choose the tree that represents the fewest evolutionary changes,in either DNA sequences or morphology. (D) choose the tree with the fewest branch points.arrow_forwardWhich of the following evidence is not consistent with the idea that evolution is responsible for the diversity of animals we see today? A. The presence of vestigial organs in extant species B. Structural homologies among very different animals C. Fossil records of intermediate life forms D. Earth is not the center of the galaxy or universe Which of the following is not a part of the allopatric speciation by natural selection model? A. Geographically isolated populations evolve or change in response to novel environments. B. Reproductive isolation evolves as a by-product of changes in other traits associated with adapting to new resources or environments. C. Selection against hybridization leads to exaggeration of signals to facilitate recognizing conspecifics( individuals of the same species). D. Changes among or between populations occur while populations are geographically separated. Which of the following is not an example of the evolution of a key innovation (anew trait)…arrow_forward
- Which of the following assumptions is not part ofcladistics?a. A lineage’s characters change over time.b. All species share common ancestry.c. Each lineage branches from another lineage.d. Similar body parts are evidence of a recentdivergencearrow_forwarda) What is the best estimate (mean age), in millions of years, for the divergence of the clade containing the American Giant Short Faced Bear from the clade containing the Sloth Bear? b) According to Figure 1, bears as a group experienced substantial evolutionary radiation near what geological boundary? c) True or False. An entire clade of bears has gone extinct because the two extinct bear species in the figure are sister species. d) What bears are the nearest relatives of the Sun Bear?arrow_forwardcompare and contrast between the following a) allopatric speciation and sympatric speciation. b) autopolyploid speciation and allopolyploid speciation c) natural selection and sexual selectionarrow_forward
- Assume you are studying the fossil record of a certain lineage of sharks. You find that sharks in this lineage will maintain the same morphology for long periods of time and only rapidly change their morphology during a speciation event. The evidence you uncover is supportive of which of the following theories? a. Punctuated Equilibrium b. Gradualism c. Start and Stasis d. Increased Net Tempoarrow_forwardAardvarks, anteaters, and pangolins are only distantly related but are similar in structure and form as a result of (a) homology (b) convergent evolution (c) biogeography (d) vestigial structures (e) artificial selectionarrow_forwardWhat is the difference between micro- and macroevolution? a. Microevolution describes the evolution of small organisms, such as insects, while macroevolution describes the evolution of large organisms, like people and elephants. b. Microevolution describes the evolution of microscopic entities, such as molecules and proteins, while macroevolution describes the evolution of whole organisms. c. Microevolution describes the evolution of populations, while macroevolution describes the emergence of new species over long periods of time. d. Microevolution describes the evolution of organisms over their lifetimes, while macroevolution describes the evolution of organisms over multiple generations.arrow_forward
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