Biological Science (6th Edition)
6th Edition
ISBN: 9780321976499
Author: Scott Freeman, Kim Quillin, Lizabeth Allison, Michael Black, Emily Taylor, Greg Podgorski, Jeff Carmichael
Publisher: PEARSON
expand_more
expand_more
format_list_bulleted
Concept explainers
Videos
Textbook Question
Chapter 25, Problem 15PIAT
Redraw the tree in question 11 as a cladogram (i.e., with branch lengths not pinned to time scale). For simplicity, show only the branches with animal icons. Then (1) add an outgroup to the theropods called the Sauropoda (which includes the enormous Apatosaurus); (2) mark the origin of downy feathers, which occur in all theropods; and (3) mark the origin of shafted feathers and wings, which occur in all the groups except Tyrannosauroidea. Can the presence of feathers and wings be considered a synapomorphy that triggered the adaptive radiation of birds? Why or why not?
Expert Solution & Answer
Want to see the full answer?
Check out a sample textbook solution
Students have asked these similar questions
The tree shows one lineage of ornithischian dinosaurs and many lineages of theropoddinosaurs. Some important traits are mapped on the tree including the aspects of feathers, digits of thehands and a few behaviors.
a. What phylogenetic function do the Ornithischian dinosaurs play in this tree?b. What trait is shared by all theropod dinosaurs?c. Only two lineages are thought to be capable of flight. What trait may have helped their wings to bestrong enough?d. What seems to happen to the bones of the hand across this tree of dinosaurs?e. What other bone characteristics might be important to ultimately enabling flight?
What trait separates amphibians from primates on this cladogram?
What separates rabbits and primates from crocodiles on this cladogram?
Which organism is most related to the bird on this cladogram?
What 5 traits do these two organisms share?
Which organism will have DNA most similar to the bird?
Which organism's DNA will differ the most from the bird?
Which of the following statements is BEST supported by the phylogenetic tree?
A
The development of a bony skeleton was a significant evolutionary step for ocean-dwelling animals.
B
Most warm-blooded animals evolved to have hair, while cold-blooded animals did not.
C
Most land animals require a vertebral column, while ocean animals do not.
D
The evolution of the amniotic egg was specific to ocean-dwelling animals.
Chapter 25 Solutions
Biological Science (6th Edition)
Ch. 25 - 1. Choose the best definition of a fossil.
a. any...Ch. 25 - 2. CAUTION True or false? The absence of a trait...Ch. 25 - Which of the following best characterize an...Ch. 25 - Which of the following is an example of homoplasy?...Ch. 25 - 5. Why is parsimony a useful tool for assessing...Ch. 25 - Prob. 6TYUCh. 25 - Fossilization continues even today. If you wanted...Ch. 25 - Prob. 8TYUCh. 25 - 9. MODEL Use the data matrix below to draft a...Ch. 25 - Prob. 10TYPSS
Knowledge Booster
Learn more about
Need a deep-dive on the concept behind this application? Look no further. Learn more about this topic, biology and related others by exploring similar questions and additional content below.Similar questions
- 5. 5. Draw a phylogeny the following taxa: shark; tuna; frog; lizard; mouse; whale. On your phylogeny label the first occurrence/evolution of the following traits: cartilaginous skeleton; bony skeleton; hair; four limbs; shelled eggs. Describe a synapomorphy using any of the traits you labeled on the tree.arrow_forwardHow would cladists and evolutionary taxonomists differ in their interpretations of the statement that humans evolved from apes, which evolved from monkeys?arrow_forwardDraw a phylogenetic tree based on characters 1-5 in the table below. Place hatch marks on the tree to indicate the origin of characters 1-6. Assume that tuna and dolphins are sister species and redraw the phylogenetic tree accordingly. Use hatch marks to indicate the origin of characters 1-6. How many evolutionary changes are required in each tree? Which tree is most parsimonious? Character Lancelet (outgroup) Lamprey Tuna Salamander Turtle Leopard Dolphin 1. Backbone 0 1 1 1 1 1 1 2. Hinged Jaw 0 0 1 1 1 1 1 3. Four Limbs 0 0 0 1 1 1 1* 4. Amnion 0 0 0 0 1 1 1 5. Milk 0 0 0 0 0 1 1 6. Dorsal fin 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 *Dolphins have 4 limbs (2 fins and 2 hind limb buds as embryos)arrow_forward
- Answer the following questions about this phylogenetic tree. What animal represents the out group in this tree and why? What is the derived characteristic of the birds? What is the shared characteristic of 3 to 6? Which number represents the common ancestor of Ostriches and Hawks?arrow_forwardIf the genus Australopithecus is considered an outgroup, what are THREE shared derived characters of the genus Homo? Include at least one behavioural character in your list. Explain what makes the characters you've selected shared derived characters. (detailed paragraph format explanation ) max 500 wordsarrow_forwardWhich statement portrays the concept of ontogeny in phylogenetics? option a.) scientist gathers physiological traits and genetic data about a group of endemic monkeys. option b.) Both chick and human embryos go through a stage where they have slits and arches in their necks that are identical to the gill slits and arches of fish. option c.) The progression of morphological forms observed in fossil record is consistent with inferences about the major branches of descent in the tree of life. option d.) Crocodiles have amniotic eggs while rodents and rabbits don't have.arrow_forward
- The phylogenetic tree for 12 cat species (Felidae) reproduced at right was assembled from molecular sequence data. Which species is the domestic cats closest relative? Which clade is the sister taxon to tigers? Are bobcats more closely related to cougars or to ocelots? Source: From Warren E. Johnson et al. 2006. The late Miocene radiation of modern Felidae: A genetic assessment. Science 311:7377.arrow_forwardThe phylogenetic tree for vertebrates depicted below was constructed from sequence data for two rRNA mitochondrial genes (12S and 16S). How do the results of this analysis compare with the phylogenetic trees in Figures 32.10 and 32.24? Identify the major clades of vertebrates on the tree depicted below. Source: R. Zardoya and A. Meyer. 1998. Complete mitochondrial genome suggests diapsid affinities of turtles. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences, USA 95:1422614231. Copyright 1998 National Academy of Sciences, U.S.A.arrow_forwardWhich major groupings of animals defined on the basis of morphological characters have been confirmed by molecular sequence studies?arrow_forward
- The figure shows a phylogenetic tree of various members of the order Proboscidea, which includes modern elephants. Which of the following claims is best supported by the information in the figure ? a.The mastodon and the Stegodon diverged from their common ancestor 22 million years ago. b.The common ancestor of the African elephant and the mastodon is the Palaeomastodon. c.The mammoth diverged from its most recent common ancestor with African elephants before the mastodon diverged from its most recent common ancestor with Stegodons. d.The Asian and African elephants are the most closely related species shown on the tree.arrow_forwardThrough the phylogenetic tree of major groups of vertebrates provided below, answer the given table by numbering and naming each node in the diagram. Then list the names of each group and write down the shared characteristic(s) of it. You may add more rows if needed. Node Number (e.g. 1 - Gnasthostomata) Animal Group 1 Animal Group 2 Shared Characteristics of Animal Group 1 & 2arrow_forwarddraw an evolutionarily accurate phylogenetic tree with the 5 lineages of Amniotes shown in the bottom figure, but with a different arrangement. You can exclude lungfishes and amphibians but include all other lineages. You can do this by swiveling the branches.arrow_forward
arrow_back_ios
SEE MORE QUESTIONS
arrow_forward_ios
Recommended textbooks for you
Biology: The Dynamic Science (MindTap Course List)BiologyISBN:9781305389892Author:Peter J. Russell, Paul E. Hertz, Beverly McMillanPublisher:Cengage Learning
Biology: The Dynamic Science (MindTap Course List)
Biology
ISBN:9781305389892
Author:Peter J. Russell, Paul E. Hertz, Beverly McMillan
Publisher:Cengage Learning
Discovering the tree of life | California Academy of Sciences; Author: California Academy of Sciences;https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=AjvLQJ6PIiU;License: Standard Youtube License