Principles of Anatomy and Physiology
16th Edition
ISBN: 9781119662792
Author: Tortora, Gerard J., DERRICKSON, Bryan H.
Publisher: WILEY
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Question
Chapter 26, Problem 1CTQ
Summary Introduction
To review:
The short-term effects of the toxin, which blocks the reabsorption in the renal tubule, but does not affect filtration.
Introduction:
The formation of urine takes place in the nephrons in the kidney. The nephron is divided into the collecting duct, glomerular capsule, loop of Henle, PCT (proximal convoluted tubule), and DCT (distal convoluted tubule). Each and every part of the nephron is assigned a separate function, which ranges from filtration of blood to absorption of water and other essential minerals.
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Imagine the discovery of a new toxin that blocks renal tubule reabsorption but does not affect filtration. Predict the short-term effects of this toxin.
Imagine the discovery of a new toxin that blocks renal tubule reabsorption but does not aff ect filtration. Predict the short-term eff ects of this toxin.
The renal handling of a novel drug is being studied. When the drug is present in the blood, it is filtered into the Bowman’s capsule and secreted via transport proteins in the renal tubules, but it is NOT reabsorbed. The lines on the following graph represent filtration, secretion and excretion rates of this drug at various plasma concentrations.
For the three lines shown (labeled A-C) identify which line represents filtration, which line represents secretion, and which line represents excretion
Explain how you determined this.
Chapter 26 Solutions
Principles of Anatomy and Physiology
Ch. 26 - Explain the role of each organ of the urinary...Ch. 26 - 2. What are examples of wastes that may be present...Ch. 26 - 3. Describe the location of the kidneys. Why are...Ch. 26 - 4. Identify the three layers that surround the...Ch. 26 - Prob. 5CPCh. 26 - Prob. 6CPCh. 26 - Prob. 7CPCh. 26 - Prob. 8CPCh. 26 - Prob. 9CPCh. 26 - 10. Where is the juxtaglomerular apparatus (JGA)...
Ch. 26 - How do tubular reabsorption and tubular secretion...Ch. 26 - Prob. 12CPCh. 26 - What is the major chemical difference between...Ch. 26 - Prob. 14CPCh. 26 - Prob. 15CPCh. 26 - How is glomerular filtration rate regulated?Ch. 26 - Prob. 17CPCh. 26 - Describe two mechanisms in the PCT, one in the...Ch. 26 - 19. How do intercalated cells secrete hydrogen...Ch. 26 - Graph the percentages of filtered water and...Ch. 26 - 21. How do symporters in the ascending limb of the...Ch. 26 - 22. How does ADH regulate facultative water...Ch. 26 - Prob. 23CPCh. 26 - What are the characteristics of normal urine?Ch. 26 - Prob. 25CPCh. 26 - How may kidney function be evaluated?Ch. 26 - Prob. 27CPCh. 26 - What forces help propel urine from the renal...Ch. 26 - What is micturition? How does the micturition...Ch. 26 - 30. How do the location, length, and histology of...Ch. 26 - Prob. 31CPCh. 26 - Prob. 32CPCh. 26 - Which tissue gives rise to collecting ducts,...Ch. 26 - 34. To what extent do kidney mass and filtration...Ch. 26 - Prob. 1CTQCh. 26 - For each of the following urinalysis results,...Ch. 26 - Prob. 3CTQ
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Similar questions
- Describe (and label on a diagram) the structures of a nephron (including associated blood vessels) and give the functions of each structure.arrow_forwardAs the text noted, two-thirds of the water and solutes that the body reclaims by reabsorption in nephrons occurs in the proximal tubule. Proximal tubule cells have large numbers of mitochondria and demand a great deal of oxygen. Explain why.arrow_forwardReabsorption depends on _________. a. osmosis across the nephron wall b. active transport of sodium across the nephron wall c. a steep solute concentration gradient d. all of the abovearrow_forward
- A urinalysis reveals that the patients urine contains glucose, hemoglobin, and white blood cells (pus). Are any of these substances abnormal in urine? Explain.arrow_forwardPredict the short-term effects of a toxin that blocks renal tubular reabsorption but does not affect filtrationarrow_forwardFred was diagnosed 6 months ago with liver cancer. His liver is no longer able to make the necessary amount of proteins needed by the body. What effect, if any, would this have on the net glomerular filtration rate? (Hint, decide which of the 3 forces contributing to the net filtration rate is affected. Then adjust numbers in the equation to determine if there is an increase, decrease, or no change to the net filtration rate). Group of answer choices A) Blood colloid osmotic pressure would be decreased, increasing the net glomerular filtration rate. B) Blood colloid osmotic pressure would be decreased, decreasing the net glomerular filtration rate. C) Capsular hydrostatic pressure would be decreased, increasing the net glomerular filtration rate. D) Capsular hydrostatic pressure would be decreased, decreasing the net glomerular filtration rate. E) There would be no effect on the net glomerular filtration rate.arrow_forward
- Although the kidneys are probably best known as filtration organs, they also help control blood pressure. Explain their role in this process. please help with examplesarrow_forwardThe distal nephron is able to fine-tune sodium and water balance because it can regulate reabsorption of sodium and water independently of each other. This is unlike the proximal nephron, where an increase in sodium reabsorption will lead to an increase in water reabsorption due to the creation of an osmotic gradient and free permeability to both sodium and water. How does vasopressin affect water reabsorption in the distal nephron in response to a negative water balance? Increased circulating vasopressin increases expression of aquaporin on the luminal membrane. O Increased circulating vasopressin decreases expression of aquaporin on the luminal membrane. Decreased circulating vasopressin increases expression of aquaporin on the luminal membrane. Decreased circulating vasopressin decreases expression of aquaporin on the luminal membrane.arrow_forwardAlthough the kidneys are probably best known as filtration organs, tubular reabsorption (the second step of urine formation in a nephron) actually reclaims molecules that have already been filtered from the blood. Describe the tubular reabsorption process, including the structures and molecules involved, and explain why these molecules need to be reabsorbed. please helparrow_forward
- Several pharmacological agents have been shown to lower the pressure of the filtrate inside the lumen of nephrons. What affect will this have? a hydrostatic pressure of fluid in the Bowman’s capsule increases, GFR increases b hydrostatic pressure of fluid in the Bowman’s capsule decreases, GFR decreases c hydrostatic pressure of fluid in the Bowman’s capsule increases, GFR decreases d hydrostatic pressure of fluid in the Bowman’s capsule decreases, GFR increasesarrow_forwardDescribe the components of the glomerular filtration barrier. Explain the importance of the negative electric charge of the different parts of the glomerular filtration barrier. How does it do to prevent the loss of proteins in the urine?arrow_forwardNearly all renal diseases result in hypertension. In fact, some clinicians have a 'rule' that states "unexplained hypertension is always a result of a problem with the kidneys until proven otherwise". Briefly explain why hypertension occurs in renal disease.arrow_forward
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