Biology - Study Guide
8th Edition
ISBN: 9780321501561
Author: Martha R. Taylor
Publisher: PEARSON EDUCATION (COLLEGE)
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Chapter 26, Problem 21TYK
Summary Introduction
Introduction: In the Linnaean system of taxonomy, the related genera are placed in the same family— related families into orders, orders into classes, classes into phylum, phyla into kingdoms, and kingdoms into domains. The domains bacteria and archaea consist of single-celled prokaryotes, which differ in several characteristics. The domain eukarya includes all the eukaryotes such as animals, plants, and fungi.
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An analysis of a phylogeny that displays data about the fossil record over time reveals all of the following EXCEPT
A.
Several extinction events occurred.
B.
Evolution results in a clear directional pattern.
C.
Evolution is the result of interactions between organisms and their environment.
D.
Evidence of continental drift exists.
Which of the following statements about the fossil record is true?
a.
The fossil record is a complete accounting of life on earth
b.
The fossil record is unbiased in the fossils that are found
c.
The fossil record is evenly sampled across all of life's history on earth
d.
There are certain biases in the fossil record
______ is a way of reconstructing evolutionary history based on derived characters. a. Cladistics c. Convergent evolution b. Linnaean taxonomy d. Divergent evolution
Chapter 26 Solutions
Biology - Study Guide
Ch. 26 - a. In this hypothetical phylogenetic tree, which...Ch. 26 - What two complications may make it difficult to...Ch. 26 - Place the taxa (outgroup. A, B, C, and D) on the...Ch. 26 - Prob. 4IQCh. 26 - a. Give an example of genes that would be compared...Ch. 26 - Prob. 6IQCh. 26 - Prob. 7IQCh. 26 - Prob. 1SYKCh. 26 - Prob. 2SYKCh. 26 - Prob. 3SYK
Ch. 26 - Related families are grouped into the next-highest...Ch. 26 - Prob. 2TYKCh. 26 - Prob. 3TYKCh. 26 - Prob. 4TYKCh. 26 - Prob. 5TYKCh. 26 - Prob. 6TYKCh. 26 - Prob. 7TYKCh. 26 - Prob. 8TYKCh. 26 - A taxon such as the class Reptiliawhich includes...Ch. 26 - You wish to study evolutionary relationships among...Ch. 26 - Prob. 11TYKCh. 26 - Prob. 12TYKCh. 26 - Prob. 13TYKCh. 26 - Prob. 14TYKCh. 26 - Prob. 15TYKCh. 26 - Which of the following approaches would allow a...Ch. 26 - A comparative study of which of the following...Ch. 26 - Prob. 18TYKCh. 26 - Which of the following segments of DNA would...Ch. 26 - Which of the following is the best description of...Ch. 26 - Prob. 21TYK
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- All of the following are true about phylogenies, EXCEPT: a. They are considered an unbiased reconstruction of evolutionary relationships. b. We use them to predict the emergence of traits in the fossil record. c. They are, at best, a hypothesis about the relationships among extant species. d. We use the rule of parsimony to reconstruct evolutionary history.arrow_forwardWhich of the following patterns of evolution is most supported by the fossil record? a. Descent with modification b. Hybrid speciation c. Stasis d. Punctuated disequilibriumarrow_forwardWhich of the following statements about convergent evolution is true? (a) It demonstrates how similar environments can lead to different physical structures. (b) It demonstrates how similar environments can lead to the same physical structures. (c) It demonstrates that similarity of structures is due to descent from a common ancestor. (d) It demonstrates that similarity of structures is due to random chance.arrow_forward
- Which of the following is a prediction that evolution makes about the fossil record? Group of answer choices A. fossils of all time periods should be completely different from modern organisms B. most recent fossils should be most similar to modern life C. cats should appear in all fossil layers as rulers of the earth D. oldest fossils should be most similar to modern lifearrow_forwardUsing the phylogeny, which statement best explains the evolutionary relationship of birds and bats? A. C is an example of divergent evolution shows a common ancestor. B. C is an example of convergent evolution does not show a common ancestor. C. A and B are examples of analogous structures derived from a common ancestor. D. A and B are examples of homologous structures that are not derived from a common ancestor.arrow_forwardPeople studying fossils have to employ which of the following species concepts? a. The Morphospecies Concept b. The Biological Species Concept c. The Phylogenetic Species Concept d. The Physical Species Conceptarrow_forward
- The evolution of various life forms on Earth is summarized in ________. a. the binomial naming system b. phylogenetic trees c. the taxonomic classification systemarrow_forwardA major source of evidence for evolution is to be found in the comparative anatomy of organisms. Features that look different but have similar structural origin are calleda. homologous structures.b. analogous structures.c. vestigial structures.d. convergent structuresarrow_forwardWhich provides evidence for evolution (select the best possible answer out of all obtiene A. Fossils and vestigial structures b. Natural selection c. Fossils, biochemical, embroys, vestigial structures d. Shared dna, ánimo acids, and other molecular structure across all life on earth e. Homologous structuresarrow_forward
- Which of the following statements is BEST supported by the phylogenetic tree? A The development of a bony skeleton was a significant evolutionary step for ocean-dwelling animals. B Most warm-blooded animals evolved to have hair, while cold-blooded animals did not. C Most land animals require a vertebral column, while ocean animals do not. D The evolution of the amniotic egg was specific to ocean-dwelling animals.arrow_forwardWhat is a phylogeny a description of? a. mutations b. DNA c. evolutionary history d. organisms on Eartharrow_forwardWhat is true about organisms that are a part of the same clade? a. They all share the same basic characteristics. b. They evolved from a shared ancestor. c. They all are on the same tree. d. They have identical phylogenies.arrow_forward
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